Foot Binding: Beauty And Torture Essay

Women have been deformed, bounded and altered their bodies to not only survive in the society but also because of the practice of the dominance of men over women. The Lotus Shoes were very popular back in the Qing Dynasty as foot binding were a practice that many Chinese women participated in and became bound to patriarchy. This practice was implemented in the Chinese cultural values and traditions. Footbinding as a duality due to not only it’s beauty and charm, but also it’s deformity and foul odor (Ping, 2000). The moral restriction not only affected women, but also the culture and society. The rise of footbinding, together with the rise of the practice of the exemplary woman, symbolizes the social, political, and cultural predicaments in the late imperial period† (Ping, 2000) Foot binding is a painful process that allowed women to be thought as beautiful and a good future wife. The cult of the exemplary woman in the Ming and Qing dynasties reach the most terrible self-mutilations and the most shocking methods of suicide (Ping, 2000) Throughout history and in many different cultures, people have different perspective and perception on what beauty is or means. However, foot binding is probably one of the most extreme practices of body modification for beauty. This practice goes beyond the superficial. Body alteration, however, is not something solely unique to China, across history we have observed many different cultures with their own practice and perspective of beauty as seen in figure 2 & 3. As women with bounded foot couldn’t move or do much, they would often lead the life of the wealthy and enjoy their day with fellow foot bounded women (Figure 4). The practice was a custom of the royalty and wealthy until the start of the 17th century, where women from all classes started binding their feet to imitate the upper classes. (Footwear History, 2013) At the point when a young girl achieved the age of three, each toe was broken aside from the principal toe on each foot and what is left of the foot was bound with material and strips that were intended to keep the foot shorter, this likewise influenced the foot to twist at the underside. Ladies were compelled to experience torment and keeping in mind the end goal to feel delightful. (Cummings, 1998). One of the popular theories said that it began with Emperor Li Yu. Amid the 970 A.D., Emperor Li Yu saw his most loved partner moving on a brilliant lotus platform and was spellbound by her feet, which she had wrapped in portions of material – much like those of a ballet performer moving on pointe – so her moving seemed more delightful. Seeing the ruler’s pleasure, other court ladies comparatively wrapped their feet. Before long high society ladies received the mold, and inevitably it spread to all ladies, regardless of their economic wellbeing. Just a couple of are as opposed, similar to the Manchu and the individuals who hailed from Guangdong in southern China. (Holman, 2013) (Ross, 2013) Surprisingly, as the custom became widely practiced, a transformation of the styles and techniques was a witness. Ladies needed ever-littler, more bent feet, thus the foot restricting procedure was made to accomplish very curved, 3-inch feet. (Figure 6) The training flourished for a long time until the point when it was prohibited in 1912 after the insurgency of Sun Yat-sen. (Evans, 2013) (Minnesota-China Connection) Be that as it may, ladies kept on restricting their feet in parts of China until the late 1950s. After the Communists came to control in 1949, ladies were compelled to do hard physical work like burrowing repositories, and those with bound feet found the work horrifying. The ladies often gave up daily sustenance out of vanity as they simply could not work the fields or gather food. They regularly abandoned sustenance as they couldn’t satisfy their day by day creation amount nor scrounge in the mountains for organic products like other ladies. (Lim, 2007) When the practice became a tradition, it seemed impossible to discontinue it. Bounded feet were deemed normal and beautiful, while unbound feet were otherwise. The culture and practice have left parents feeling upset and caught in between. They wouldn’t want to inflict pain on their daughters but at the same time, their daughter would be out cast by the society, and they would have a hard time getting a husband if their feet weren’t bounded. The size of the feet meant so much more than the social status of the female. However, foot binding has also left a positive impact on the society despite the negative influences. The practice was also a strong multi-generational bond for women. (Figure 7) (Figure 9) Women with bounded feet were proud of their feet size and would get together to sew their shoes regularly. The procedure was also performed by the women of the family. (Figure 8) †It was a strong tradition passed from mother to daughters, entangled with shoemaking, how to endure pain and how to attract men. In many ways, it underpinned women’s culture,† says Dorothy Ko, a` history professor at Barnard College in New York and author of †Cinderella’s Sisters: A Revisionist History of Footbinding.† (Gillet, 2012) Beyond human relations, this practice has also influenced China’s architecture. Due to the bounded feet, the maximum distance women could walk was only about 3 or 5 miles. This has led them to receive more care and support. The houses were the mostly single floor, double at the maximum as it was hard for the women to move around. (Figure 10) The walkways and lanes were very small so women could get support from the walls or even railing when they walk. Foot binding also affected the culture on a global scale. The Westerners were able to explore the world and colonized lands. As the Chinese women had their feet bounded, it made it hard for them to travel or commute. Their husband would often stay with them too. The Chinese that managed to settle new lands were from ethnic groups that didn’t practice binding. (Ross, 2013) Foot binding likewise cultivated the predominance of men over ladies. Since it was troublesome for a lady to stroll with bound feet – the most distant she could walk was 3 or 4 miles (4.8 to 6.4 kilometers) – Chinese ladies never strayed a long way from home, nor had much contact with others outside their towns. (Holman, 2013) Their lessened portability for all intents and purposes guaranteed they couldn’t have extramarital illicit relationships, or flee to get away from a beating when their spouses were disappointed. As foot restricting ended up noticeably dug in amid the Song administration (960-1279), instruction for ladies was entirely diminished and autonomous property rights banned (Ross, 2013) A law in Imperial China was that ladies did not pick their spouses as marriage was orchestrated by the men (Nosotro, 2000), which again focuses on the overwhelming talk of a male controlling country. The men chose the ladies by the measure of their feet, the wealthier men pick the lady with the littlest. A go-between would visit went with a single man, and he would sit and watch the ladies’ twisted feet. On the off chance that they were too substantial and did not fulfill him, he basically turned her down which was a †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ extremely humiliating undertaking†¦ † cites Zhang Ru-lian. The possibility of sustenance restricting was so well known as the showed that ladies could endure torment this exhibited the characteristic of the train which was alluring. To place this into the point of view foot restricting is practically similar to female circumcision, as it takes away  some type of energy, and it influences the ladies to feel vulnerable. Foot binding also cultured an erotic practice, it became an antiquated fetish for men. In the same way as other sexual interests, accommodation in Asian culture is one prevailing fixation. For official, it’s not constrained upon the female sex. Indeed, it is normally guardians that start this sort of training so their little girl would have a decent future prospect. This training is a sort of accommodation since it makes the females claimed by their spouses. The feet have been one of the fixations of mankind. The shape and form and in addition the way that it is shrouded, makes it all the more energizing as far as sexual fervor. Women in the past were objectified and used by men for their sexual needs and fetish. (Holman, 2013) Antiquated manuals taught men in how to exotically caress bound feet in incalculable ways, and utilize them to improve sexual experiences. Further, numerous ladies kept their feet bound all through sexual experiences, upgrading their persona while cover ing their deformity. Be that as it may, a few men got a kick out of the chance to see the unshod – they would be in contact with it. Peculiar foot obsessions grew, for example, drinking the water a lady had used to wash her feet or setting nuts between her twisted toes, at that point eating them (Evans, 2013) The bound foot denied ladies of their opportunity to move their feet and their flexibility of soul. The fact that this practice isn’t compulsory and they are done even by mothers, demonstrates that this training begins to be not an easygoing practice in nature but rather can transform into a type of accommodation later on. When a man marries a woman because of his sexual attraction towards her feet, then it can be perceived that the women submitted to the man because of her feet. Another way for seeing this is footbinding would not be a prevailing fashion and practice if men in China did not demonstrate any slant to young ladies with little feet. The once well-known routine with regards to foot restricting, at last, reached an end toward the finish of the lines. Ladies in China have made considerable progress in the way they have been dealt with. Ladies have progressed significantly in Chinese society and the playing field has turned into somewhat more even yet ladies are still observed as lesser than men in the present society. Even till today, there is an interest for infant young men to be conceived. Chinese society inclines toward young men to young ladies since children can grow up to deal with their folks when they develop old though guardians can’t move in with the lady as she grows up and moves out of the house when she gets hitched. There is presently a point of confinement set up expressing what number of children a couple can have. Families are permitted to have one tyke as long as that first youngster is a kid and a moment is permitted if the primary type is a young lady however after two children couples a re not permitted to have any more kids or they would need to pay a $3,500 fine. In the 1980’s, the legislature started implementing a strict one tyke for every couple run the show. Despite the fact that ladies have progressed significantly in Chinese society, ladies are as yet viewed as the second rate compared to men even today. (Chang, 2008) However, women today are not any longer pressured to have little feet just to guarantee men will like them. The stereotype of females being a sex object is gradually being supplanted by superior women who has influenced and made an impact in the Chinese society. The practice is part of China’s ancient tradition. It fills in as a lesson that people can do outrageous things to their body just to please others. Footbinding is a piece of China’s history that shows us how our reality today comprehends and acknowledges that men and ladies are made similarly and must be dealt with correspondingly. (Jackson, 1998)

Portfolio Management and Its Influences on Project Management Essay

In a project based organization, project management is directly controlled by strategic portfolio managers and a portfolio management department. This type of organization focuses on project development, progress and successful completion in relation to the strategic goals determined by top management. Multiple project proposals are constantly evaluated in terms of value, alignment to corporate strategies, and availability of resources to complete a project. In order for a project to proceed, portfolio managers must decide if a project is worthwhile and if it contributes to the goals of corporate strategies, and make the more difficult decision of which projects are more valuable to the organization in terms of achieving strategic goals (H. Kerzner, 2009). A large part of this process involves balancing short term projects with long term projects, assessing risk factors, and resource allocation. If a project is approved, then a project manager is assigned to oversee the project. The project manager has little influence on the resources and financing assigned to the project; that is determined by the portfolio manager and sponsor. The project manager is given a finite level of resources for a project and is expected to complete the project utilizing the allotted resources in an efficient manner. The portfolio manager assigns a project and the resources for the project to a project manager, and it is the responsibility of the project manager to complete the project without incurring the need to use added resources or financing. The project manager also is responsible for ongoing status reports of the progress to the portfolio manager and along with details regarding the efficient use of resources. If a project changes in scope or value, the portfolio manager has the authority to update resource availability to the project manager to fulfill the new requirements. Reference Kerzner, H. (2009). Project Management: A systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling (10th edition). John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken NJ.

Buy vs Renting Research Paper

Buy vs Renting Research Paper Housing Decision: Should we rent or own a house Sugandha Amatya Narayan Deshar Rajesh Maharjan Suman Shrestha Bibek Tulachan Table Of Content (Jump to) Background Should Mr. X stay in a rented house or buy a house? Calculation of Rent Calculation of Cost of Buying House Calculation of Value Appreciation of Property Analysis of Gain or (Loss) between Staying in Rented House or Buying a House Conclusion    Background The Decision Problem The home ownership analysis to follow is intended to represent as realistically as possible as 2014 current market conditions in the areas two core cities of Kathmandu: – Jahmsikhel and Harisiddhi where the price is relatively low comparing to the first one. A quick survey/sampling of property in several housing areas in Jahmsikhel indicated that a house with market value of Rs 3.1 corer could be rented for approximately Rs 60,000 per month and the house with the market value of Rs 1.01corer in Harisiddhi could be rented for appro ximately for Rs 20,000 per month. Assuming that, there are two couples, each with Rs 40,000 per month. All two have the same gross income in salary and the filing status for income tax purposes. The first couple, designated as Owners,† purchases a home. The second couple, Renters†, decides to rent. The home buyers (Owners and Capita lists) are married and file joint returns. (Their income will be itemized later.) The market costs of their houses at Jhamsikhel is 3.1 corer and in Harisiddhi its 1.09 corer. (For tax purposes in Jhamsikhel Rs 75000 per year and for Harisiddhi it is allocated Rs 18,750 per month for the building.) In addition to that for the building insurance for Jhamsikhel @ 0.12% Rs 1500 per month and Rs 750 per month, Rs 5000 per month at Jhamsikhel and Rs 2000 per month at Harisiddhi, for maintenance cost at Jhamsikhel Rs 3000 per month and at Harisiddhi Rs 1000 per month is allocated. The Renters invest their Rs 20,000 in a money fund that yields 6% yearly. They reinvest the interest income into the fund each year. In the initial year, the Renters pay rent of same amount which is not changed of Rs 20,000. Throughout the 20-year period of the analysis, all variables increase annually at the 6% annual inflation rate. These variables include the couples’ salaries, loan service charge, and loan processing charge, property valuation charge, and mortgage loan payment, building insurance premium, maintenance cost, electricity, water and other utilities costs, depreciation on building, property tax and rental expenses. When discounting after-tax cash flows, we use a 6% interest rate that represents these couples’ market interest rate under inflation. Research Methodology: Research in common parlance refers to a search for knowledge. Once can also define research as a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic. Methodologyis the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of study, or the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and principles associated with a branch of knowledge. In short, the search for knowledge through objective and systematic method of finding solution to a problem is Research Methodology. Research Objectives: The main objectives of conducting the following research are as follows:

Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 6

Communication - Essay Example They are still trying their best to recuperate in the wake of the troubles times that they have gone through and are still passing to this day. The information control and diffusion is an important aspect which must be understood from the social change perspectives, more so because the society on the whole has not improved drastically to counter any apprehensions which it had in the times of the colonial rule. Social change has to come from within the people themselves but the fact that change is difficult to assess under such settings compounds the whole dilemma that these developing nations face. Thus information control and diffusion seems difficult to be attained in the true sense of the word and any form of control that has been achieved thus far is due to the hard work and commitment of the people who are directly or indirectly involved with the social change processes, activities and tenets. Communication in such nations is hard to reach towards the benchmark levels because th ere are other problems which must be addressed first and the governmental regimes are trying their best to allocate more resources towards such issues and matters. Hence the aspect of information control and diffusion in a proper and adequate manner takes a back seat since the more pertinent issues are discussed in a thorough fashion. The colonial system has not helped much in the understanding basis of the information control mechanisms and the phenomenon of diffusion as well. This is because the colonial system did its trick when it was present in the olden times. But with the changing epoch, the perspectives have taken a U-turn and there is more room for comprehending the different facets, aspects and sides of a particular issue that comes from the domains of the communication tenets. This warrants attention on the part of the diffusion circles and information control hierarchies and hence the need to discern and comprehend the growth mechanisms which are

Data Analysis and Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Data Analysis and Research - Essay Example 1978).  Several software have been developed (Hahn,G.J. and Meeker, W.Q. 1991), to help analyze data this include Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS), Stata, R, Minitab, SAS and many more. Data analysis in mixed methods research consists of analyzing the qualitative data using qualitative methods and the quantitative data using quantitative methods; therefore, knowing the steps in both forms of analysis is necessary in mixed research methods (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2007). For both forms of analysis, researchers go through the following similar set of steps: preparing the data for analysis, exploring the data, analyzing the data, representing the analysis, and validating the data. These procedures in quantitative research and qualitative research are different from each other as stated by Creswell and Plano Clark, (2007). In this project, to prove or rather to disapprove the hypothesis in an effort to answer the set of questions SPSS has been used to analyze the given se t of data. The answers to the questions are thus given in the preceding paragraphs; Question A Hypothesis to be tested; a) H0: There is no significant difference in the salary earned by male and female employees b) H1: There is significant difference in the salary earned by male and female employees Since we have two groups (male and female) to compare their means and whose sample is less than 30 (a sample of 25 in this case), T-Test would be an appropriate test to use. T-Test is appropriate to be used to conduct the test since it assesses whether the means of two groups are statistically different from each other. From table 1 below, it can clearly be observed that the mean earning for the male employees is higher than that of the female employees. On average the male employees earn ? 24005 while the female employees earn 20319. Table 1: Report How much did you earn (?) last year Gender Mean N Std. Deviation Male 24005 13 3931.393 Female 20319 12 2370.797 Total 22236 25 3719.652 Th e difference can further be shown in the boxplot below; To answer part A of the questions i.e. whether there is any evidence that male and female employees differ in their salaries an independent samples test had to be conducted. From table 2 (Independent Samples Test), it can be observed that the p-value=0.010 (that is when the equal variances are assumed) which is less than the significance level (5%), we thus reject the null hypothesis and conclude that indeed there is a significant difference in the salaries earned by the male employees and the female employees. The male employees earn more than the female employees. Similar decision rule is made when unequal variances is assumed (p-value=0.10). Table 2: Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means F Sig. t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Std. Error Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper How much did you earn (?) last year Equal variances assumed 2.710 .113 2.808E0 23 .010 3.686E3 1.313E3 970.142 6.401E3 Equal variances not assumed 2.863E0 1.994E1 .010 3.686E3 1.287E3 999.698 6.371E3 Question B Hypothesis to be tested; H0: There is no significant difference in the likelihood of raising a safety issue with the company’

Technologicial Entrepreneurship & Innovation Essay

Technologicial Entrepreneurship & Innovation - Essay Example Lack of communication and coordination, thus becomes an impediment on the invention. Individuals working alone do not have to manage teams and thus can fully concentrate on the work at hand. Jewkes also points out that research organizations hire people who may not be totally research driven. The passion to achieve something new is absent from many people working within an organization. For the individual worker, the passion is there since he utilizes his own resources and his efforts largely go unpaid. Despite this, the individual worker pursues his aim since he is driven by the passion of invention. However, research organizations set the pace for the invention which would otherwise be dependent on the inventor’s spark of genius which could take any length of time if the inventor is left to his own devices. While Jewkes fights against the concept of individuals working in teams, he also provides certain pros of the position. He believes that teams should be encouraged so as to provide support to the individual worker. According to Jewkes, the purpose of teams should be to help the actual inventor to gain support from the men who are under his command. Also Jewkes believes that teamwork has become imperative in this era of specialization. This is because as science and technology have advanced to new levels, it is difficult for the individual to know everything. This then demands the need for team work where members fill in the information required to work on complex tasks. b. Innovation arising among individuals or small enterprises vs. large, highly structured enterprises (about 500 words) Innovation arising among individuals is the preferred form of innovation in the opinion of Jewkes. To support this claim, Jewkes offers various examples as well as...Apple iPod was introduced in 2000 as a reaction to music players that were already in the market but none was as sleek as the Apple iPod. The ten stereotypes developed by Scott Burken do not absolutely hold true for this innovation. As times, the iPod defies the stereotypes and takes in own path. One stereotypes that iPod defies from the ten stereotypes is the reaction of the public towards the product. Previously consumers were using large music players that were bulky and not as convenient as the iPod, thus when presented with the iPod; they fell in love with it. Apple Inc. already had a reputation of delivery top quality innovative products and this reputation went along with iPod. Thus iPod was an instant success among the public since they were given a more beautiful and bigger machines for playing music than they previously had. Burken, on the other hand, asserts that innovations when introduced in the market do not receive the reaction that they do after some time. They fail to generate interest among the customers; however, this was not the case with Apple’s iPod. Another stereotype that Apple iPod defies is that it was developed under the guidance of Steve Jobs. Steve Jobs, before being an innovator, is a manager.

Finding the Leadership in You Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Finding the Leadership in You - Essay Example I use more of an array of incentives to motivate individuals to perform their best. I am in a sense a transformational leader also. I go beyond to manage my day-to-day operations for the company, my lack of tolerance to uncertainty and self-objectivity affects my leadership abilities. My ability to get knowledge without inference or reason is low (Webb, 2013). My low intuitive abilities are affecting my capability to learn and solve the complex problem in a subconscious basis. It plays a vital part in the decision making process. I will work on developing my intuitive abilities in order to improve my decision making, avoid common mistakes and dissolve prejudices (Tidd & Bessant, 2011). I have a strong conflict management skill. My capacity to remain calm and absorbed in tense conditions is a crucial aspect of conflict resolution (Webb, 2013). I usually stay centered and in control of myself, which makes me avoid being emotionally overwhelmed intense conditions. I have a strong courteous regard to people feelings, and act as a facilitator in solving conflicts. My high Yield tendency facilitates courteous yielding to opinions, judgments, or wishes of other people. My forcing tendency abilities demonstrate my skill of ensuring that people act in a manner, which facilities’ resolution of conflicts (Tidd & Bessant, 2011). The high avoidance tendency demonstrates my ability to avoid tense situations, or conflicts. This ensures that I behave in a manner that does not facilitate conflicts, and ensure that an amicable environment exists at all time. The high compromising tendency shows that I am more than eager to compromise in order to take into consideration other people thoughts and feelings (Cummings & Worley, 2009). I possess strong problem solving skills. These skills demonstrate my ability to solve problem and offer solutions to complex and challenging situations. Time management skills demonstrate how someone is more aware to

American slang Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American slang - Essay Example Within English itself, one finds several dialects. Amongst these is the American slang. The paper will explore the origin of American slang, its usage and the evolution it has undergone. The genesis of American slang dates back to the 17th century. Its origin was prompted by the differences in English in America and other English speaking countries. For a while, any word that was not found in British English vocabulary was considered to be slang. Originally, slang was considered to be the language of foreigners and criminals. This explains why the word slang was used. The word slang refers to a kind of jargon used by a certain group of people. Thus, the meanings of the words used are known only to that particular group. In reference to American slang, it originated from criminals and cheats. They developed what came to be known as English Criminal Cant. Its usage was mostly in saloons and gambling houses. Out of a possible four million English speakers, only a handful spoke the English criminal Cant. By the 18th century, children were taught to shun the English Criminal Cant since it was regarded as incorrect usage of English. This lasted for a short while. Slang was popularized through various ways. A play by Richard Brome showcased the first appearance of slang. Later, it was used in poems and songs. This way, slang spread across. The Westward expansion, the abolitionist movement and Civil War are some of the events that propelled the growth and spread of slang. There are several reasons why slang developed. One of the reasons as highlighted earlier was for identification with a particular group. Slang varied from school to school, professions and social classes. Another reason for the use of slang was for discretion. These groups, for instance criminals, wanted to be secretive about their dealings, hence necessitated the use of slang. Slang also differentiated people in terms of the regions they came from. One would talk and it would be evident where

West Coast Mainline Modernisation. Project Analysis Essay

West Coast Mainline Modernisation. Project Analysis - Essay Example The various transportation facilities and infrastructure that are developed in the process are roads, bridges, rails and other facilities that aid in mobility and access. These developments are done in stage or per project basis that ascertains specific end-results employing project management. Project Management is previously a management philosophy that soon evolved into a business process (Kerzner, 2009). It involves planning, organising, securing and managing resources to achieve goals. It is to be understood that a project has its specific start and ending, and is dependent on time, budget or funding, and deliverables. It is usually expected to bring positive or beneficial results. Its temporary nature make it unique from business operations which is a continuous one or somewhat permanent in the delivery of products or services. This paper will discuss and analyse a rail industry project – the West Coast Main Line Modernisation - and describe the project management proble ms encountered in this project completion. In the project implementation of a rail, various management stages involved are Output Definition, Pre-Feasibility, Option Selection, Single Option Development, Detailed Design, Construction, Testing and Commissioning, Scheme Handback and Project Close Out (Network Rail, 2003). †¢ A brief description of your chosen project. The West Coast Main Line or WCML is the rail backbone of United Kingdom when it comes to importance and number of populations served. It underwent several modernisation stages and the latest of which was the Network Rail modernisation that commenced by the 1990s. Plans for the upgrade and renewal of the line by Virgin Trains for the tilting Pendolino trains with increased speed of 140 mph or 225 km/h was aborted when deemed ambitious. The proposed upgrade involved the adoption of the moving block signalling which worked with light rail systems and metro lines, but not yet proven with high-speed heavy rail network (O ffice of Rail Regulation, 2007). Owned by Network Rail, WCML is the busiest mixed traffic railway route provider, an intercity link connecting London, Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool and Glasgow to the West Midlands, North West, North Wales, and the Central Belt of Scotland. Handling about 75 million passengers per annum translated to about 43% of UK’s rail freight traffic, it is also links many other smaller towns and cities serving as a suburban railway. The various operators of the WCML are Virgin Trains, East Coast, London Midland, Southern, CrossCountry, First TransPennine Express, Northern Rail, Arriva Trains Wales, First ScotRail, DB Schenker Rail (UK), GB Railfreight, Freightliner Ltd., and Direct Rail Services Ltd (Network Rail, 2007). It was designated a priority Trans-European Networks route. It connects to European mainland via the Channel Tunnel. In 1955, it was modernised and electrified implemented in stages from 1959 to 1974. Electrification was first implem ented on the route from Crewe to Manchester completed by 1960, followed by Crewe to Liverpool by 1962, London by 1965, Birmingham by 1967, and Weaver Junction to Glasgow by 1974. The introduction of the Inter-City brand in 1966 came with high-speed long-distance services where journey clocked in 2 hours and 40 minutes from London to Manchester or Liverpool (Thomas, 1971). Modern coaches followed with the Mark 2 and air-conditioned Mark 3, and soon linespeed was raised to 110 mph or 177 km/h with electric locomotives that doubled passenger traffic from 1962 to 1975 (British Railways

ISHI in two worlds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ISHI in two worlds - Essay Example He faces a number of challenges trying to fit into the clearly segregated society. The people around him fail to understand him and are always trying to change him. Ishi does not require any help from all these â€Å"Americans† around him. He knows his way through the region he has lived here all his life. However, the people are always trying to offer him help since they believe that he is not civilized enough to live in the modern day American society. The tribulations faced by Ishi are similar to those faced by millions of people who migrate into the United States of America on a daily basis. Unfortunately, I am one of such victims of circumstance (Kroeber 76). Ishi eventually dies out of medical complications developed from the strange treatment he receives right within his mother land. I on the contrary refuse to die and assimilate to the ways of these who purport to be the actual Americans. The only problem associated with the assimilation lifestyle I adopted is that one gets to forget his own identity and acquires another. This is a difficult life, one in which your skin color and the persona deep within me keeps reminding me of the me who once lived in Africa but the life and the experiences necessary to survive in this strange life continually perfect my new personality. I in most cases end up torn between the two worlds. Civilization is relative; every age in the history of human development had its own civilization. This refers to the cultural practices, religious beliefs and the general way of life lived by people habiting a given region. It is therefore wrong to claim supremacy of a culture just because one lives in a developed country. Ishi was rom a tribe known as Yahi, these were the red Indians who coincidentally were the indigenous habitant of the region currently siting the United States of America. They had their own unique life style that enabled them to live the lives they led. they were hunters and gatherers and depended on rain fe d agriculture for crops. They had their own unique religion and believed in myths additionally, they had their own language. In brief, this was their civilization. The value of life in humanity is equal irrespective of how one lives his or hers. Had a group of Yahi youth tumbled upon a modern day American nineteen year old boy, in their own civilization I guess they could have referred to the boy as uncivilized. I came to the United States of America from a third world country. Back home we had our own civilization, it could not have been the best but we lived it and we were happy. I had my own religion and my way of eating and my language; these basic aspects define humanity. My skin color does not make me a lesser human being than any other of my white classmate. We interact at all the time and they even consult me in the study groups. This does not make me or them better humans. We are all relative in our capacities, it is therefore wise to acknowledge the uniqueness in the other but not capitalize on it as a weakness. Some of the people I first interacted with were insensitive and did not behave the superiority they claimed their race bestowed on them. Everyone has his or her own space, at the end of the day when it is all said and done I proceed to my place and spend the rest of my day there while another does the same. We thus are all in control of our little private spaces and this eventually makes us equal. Claiming superiority kills or suppresses the self-esteem of another, seven

Visual Art education and Graphic Design Essay Example for Free

Visual Art education and Graphic Design Essay Computer technology has added a new aspect to all people desiring to broaden their horizons by furthering their education. Over time the traditional methods of learning have evolved with the advancements in technology. In todays society modern technology makes anything possible, even earning a degree online. This is especially popular for those considering a career path in graphics design. However does this mean that a traditional fine arts education is no longer needed for those who are in pursuit of a degree in graphic design? Typically online colleges advertise visual arts degrees under the idea that graphics design is nothing more than computer knowledge and creativity. As a result, students graduate lacking the necessary skills and knowledge to be successful in the graphics design world. All students looking to earn a degree in graphics design should pursue a traditional art degree. Even though anyone is able to achieve a graphics degree online, completing a traditional arts degree teaches you the skills that help you to achieve the highest level of success. Online education in many instances has too often replaced the core curriculum of art with technology. Many traditional art professors, even in graphics design put technological skills last on the their lecture list. Instead, concepts of how art and design function and how to express creativity in the art studio environment are emphasized as being the key concepts of a graphics designer education. Over time, knowledge is gained through a series of art drawings, paintings, photography classes, critical thinking exercises, peer evaluations and problem solving; resulting in students becoming more aware of the variety of ways to go about turning creative ideas into innovative designs. Unfortunately, students who are taught online are not able to grasp the importance of skill beyond technology. As a result the lack of knowledge to express creativity inevitably becomes a liability instead of an asset to a graphics design company. Design is a combination of skill and finding ways to create a visual message to your target audience. The main role of a designer is to communicate a message in the most effective way. Computer programs cannot create the knowledge of the reason behind the image, only the designer can. You cannot  have technical skills only and expect a program to do the creative work. The computer has revolutionized the design studio, but it will never run it. Traditional art education gives students the opportunity to learn these skills and to execute effective designs through hours of instruction in classes like illustration and typography. Online education simply does not offer students this opportunity and will never be able to substitute these skills with numerous amounts of technology. The last benefit of a traditional arts education is the communication skills you learn and the face-to-face interactions you experience by attending an actual university. Social skills are harder to learn when you do not attend school. There is no curriculum for showing students the importance of social interaction in the career of an artist or designer. Sure you may think that having a discussion board is important but it doesnt compare to face-to-face interactions. In a traditional learning environment you attend classes that create situations where students can and must collaborate with one another. Through these environments, the students witness that original design is rarely done alone. Its great groundwork for the reality of the working graphic designer. In the end, knowledge is the measure of success and the more enriched you are in your career field the better communicator you become. Therefore earning an education through a traditional college or university provides students with a variety of skills and knowledge would only be beneficial to those looking to be successful in the graphics design. This is why students looking to earn a degree in graphics design should receive a traditional arts educationWorks CitedSome of the web sites that I viewed while writing this paper are listed below. Most of my knowledge comes from my educational arts background and my previous job, which involved working at publishing company in the art department assisting the graphic designers. 1. American Art Institute Online http://www.aionline.edu/microsite/programs/?keyword=art%20institute%20onlinepublisherSite=DSYahooDS_KWID=p30168552. AllgraphicsDesign:http://www.allgraphicdesign.com/graphicsblog/2007/05/22/gra

Value of lessons Essay Example for Free

Value of lessons Essay When the monster recounts the early memories of his life, he explains: it was a long time before I could distinguish between the operations of my various senses. This helps us to sympathise with him as we view him similarly to a helpless new born child. By Shelley providing this knowledge of his innocence, it acts as evidence that he is not an evil creature, and started his life with no malicious intentions, which helps us to identify his motives which occur later in his narrative and drive him to commit his crimes. In his narrative the monster also tells us of the friendship he formed with the cottagers during his observation of them from his hovel. He expresses how he longed to join them, but dared not because the only interaction he has had with humans before this point had left him miserable from the barbarity of man. We sympathise with the monsters feelings of isolation and loneliness as it is clear that the monster longs to feel compassion and belonging, but knows from his previous human reception that this is not a possibility. He takes to doing favours for the cottagers, such as collecting firewood, in an effort to ease their sadness and poverty. We find it endearing how the kindness of the cottagers towards each other inspires the monster to show kindness towards them, this shows evidence of the monster longing to be part of the family which he so avidly admires, thus furthering our sympathy towards him. As the monsters knowledge develops it brings him both happiness and misery. He first feels happiness, as his new found knowledge of language instils him with the hope that this acquired skill will ensure the acceptance of the cottagers. He hopes that upon presenting himself to them his gentle demeanour and conciliating words should win their favour and afterwards their love. This hope is heightened by arrival of spring causing his past recollections of cruelty and the hard learned lessons of the barbarity of man to be blotted from his memory with the disappearance of winter. This increases our sympathy as these delusional hopes he has created for himself emphasise his desperate longing and determination to be accepted and loved. As the monster then continues to observe the cottagers with his new found understanding of their language, he comes to learn more about the strange system of human society. He discovers that he does not possess any of the qualities that will allow him to be accepted amongst mankind, which brings him great misery. He comes to question his existence: was I, then, a monster, a blot upon the earth? This realisation brings the monster great pain, which Shelley emphasises by its contrast with the hopes and happiness that his earlier knowledge gave him. The monster tells of when he went to speak with De Lacey, the blind man who lives in the cottage, in an attempt to gain his friendship. De Lacey responds to the monster with kindness and sympathises with his plight. He cannot see the monster and believes him to be human, so here Shelley is convincing the reader of the monsters humanity by showing us that only his appearance sets him apart from other humans. The children return home to the cottage during the conversation between De Lacey and the monster. Upon seeing him they react with horror and Conternation. When Felix struck the monster violently with a stick, we feel greatly sympathetic towards him as he was not given the chance to prove himself the way had done to the old man. Shelleys use of this anti-climax reflects the monsters disappointment at the outcome of his plan and helps the reader to empathise with him. This empathy is also created through his language, as he expresses his feelings of pain and anguish and how his heart sank within him as with bitter sickness. The fact that he could have torn [Felix] limb from limb but refrained, conveys how defeated he feels at the loss of his only chance of being accepted by his protectors, who have now become his attackers. The monsters final appearance in the novel shows his reaction to seeing his creators dead body. He is immediately filled with remorse for his crimes and begs for Frankensteins forgiveness: Oh Frankenstein! Generous and self-devoted being! What does it avail that I now ask thee to pardon me? The fact that the monster mourns his creators death, after Frankenstein had shown him nothing but rejection and hatred, shows that the monster is a very compassionate creature. This helps us to feel that we can still sympathise with monster, despite his crimes, as it reassures us that it was the cruelty that life had dealt him which drove him to commit these murders. I think Shelley wanted us to realise that Frankenstein was not born evil; it was the brutal treatment he received by mankind that turned him to be bitter and resentful. Perhaps Shelleys intended to convey that society could have this same effect on anyone, and urge readers to think of the consequences that their actions could have on the lives of others. Or perhaps Shelley is simply urging us not to judge a book by its cover, as the monster is judged solely on his appearance throughout the novel. More specifically, this could be aimed at scientists, like Frankenstein, warning them to think of the potential consequences of their work. Although Shelleys motive for this novel is unclear, evidently she intended for her novel to teach readers a lesson, and I feel the sympathy she creates for the monster helps us to appreciate the value of these lessons.

Effects Of Improper Waste Management Environmental Sciences Essay

Effects Of Improper Waste Management Environmental Sciences Essay The issue of Waste Management has be an ongoing issue in Nigeria but came into lime light in 1988 with the disposal of toxic waste in the then Delta State (Edo state). Nigeria as the most populous country in Africa has an estimated population size of about 160 million people, a growth rate of 2.37% and generates an annual municipal waste figure of 25,000,000 tones. This policy sets to identify the probable sources of waste generation, their effects, and disposal methodology and thereafter recommend mitigation strategy for Waste Management by proffering probable solution to its management by means of: Its Prevention, Its Reduction, Its Beneficial usage through the 3Rs of waste management and Development of Statutory, legal and legislative regulations for the management of waste. Although there are Federal and State Ministry of Environment, Environmental Protection Agency (State and Federal), we still have problems about enforcement of the responsibilities for regulation and monitoring to ensure legal, statutory and social compliance. COUNTRY PROFILE The Nigerian economy is one that has experienced a number of environmental problems in its over fifty (50) years of being an independent nation. There apparently seem to be no end in sight except a few radical changes are made to its economical and environmental policies. The waste management system in operation in Nigeria leaves a lot to be desired. The countrys current environmental issues include but are not limited to: Oil pollution and gas flaring (which affect water, aquatic lives, air, and lead to loss of arable land), Waste pollution (which causes air, land and water pollution), Rapid urbanization. A look at nine (9) of the major cities in Nigeria gives a fairly good idea of the disaster the country is looking at in terms of unchecked waste generation and management. The Map below shows each of the nine (9) states with their generated annual municipal waste One would expect that a country of such magnitude both in population size and economic importance will have structures in place to adequately combat the menace posed by waste generation and management but this is not the case as the country doesnt have a single sanitary landfill for waste disposal. It disposes waste in open landfills and dumps. SOURCES OF WASTE GENERATION The environment is a continuously changing one and the quantity of waste generated increases with an increase in population, peoples attitudes and rapid urbanization. In providing a solution and putting in place a policy to manage waste in the Nigerian economy a clear understanding of what waste is and how it is generated is required. What is waste? The United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) defines waste as materials that are not prime products (that is products produced for the market) for which the generator has no further use in terms of his/her own purposes of production, transformation or consumption, and of which he/she wants to dispose. Waste is generated from: Residential waste: household waste and kitchen waste Commercial waste: office waste e.g. papers Institutional waste: papers Municipal waste: sludge and general waste Process waste: scraps Agricultural waste: pesticides Construction waste: wood, Concrete etc Drilling: Oil spillage, gas flaring, coal, ash Types of waste (Diagram) EFFECTS OF IMPROPER WASTE MANAGEMENT It is a well known fact that our environment is poorly protected and not many Nigerians know the actual scope and the ramifications of this problem. What is Waste Management? Waste management is the act of collection, storage and disposal of waste to prevent pollution, degradation of the environment. This ranges from ordinary household, industrial wastes even generated by factories and nuclear power plants. Proliferation of vermin: Dirt has been known to be the breeding grounds for vermin like rodents, mosquitoes and microbes Water pollution: This occurs mainly when ground water is contaminated from oil spillage and washed off chemicals that enter the ground. This has an adverse effect on marine life, drinking water and deforestation occurs because plants get contaminated water into their roots. Air pollution: This occurs when waste is incinerated indiscriminately in public without the proper facilities being used and even dumped in the open. The incinerated waste especially plastic release toxins that could produce acid rain and the smoke could cause lung damage. Land pollution: This occurs when waste is not deposited at proper disposal sites but is dumped in open landfills. This causes a blot on the landscape and a reduction in property price where such landfills are found. Public Health Issues: The unregulated dumping of waste which gives room for microbes and insect to breed creates health issues such as: malaria (mosquitoes), typhoid (contaminated home water source) etc. Reduction in Agricultural production: waste especially oil spillage, gas flaring, chemical contaminants reduce the quality of the soil and this in turn is noticed in the reduction of agricultural produce Methane production: which if not treated properly causes green house effect and add to ozone depletion (unmanaged waste smells and generates the gas) Climate change leads to an increase in the intensity and frequency of weather extremes, such as heat waves, floods, droughts and tropical cyclones. The people hardest hit by climate change and environmental degradation are those living in the most vulnerable areas such as coastal communities and Delta Regions in Nigeria. This climate change and the effects it generates lead to property damage, business interruption, forest fires and health risks. Flooding: This occurs when waste is disposed in drainages by man or by natural occurrence (washed by rain).This could causes flooding when rain falls. Erosion: The presence of chemical and toxic waste in the soil reduces its compatibility and causes soil wash off when rain falls. PROBLEMS: The problem of inadequate waste disposal and management practice in Nigeria is based on a few controllable factors that are highlighted as: Enlightenment: Nigerias citizens lack the general awareness of worlds best practices for waste disposal, management and the possible effects of non-compliance on their health. Meager funding: The funds allocated to each state for waste management is inadequate to battle the issues of environmental waste. States like Lagos have only 5-7% of the states allocation to battle waste management. Obsolete technology and inadequate equipment: The people who have been given the job of waste disposal and management do not have the equipments and technology to do the job. Inexperience of staff: The staff who have been allocated to manage waste disposal and management do not have the technical knowhow to go about doing the job. Incomplete policy to combat improper waste disposal: The policies on ground have not been improved to meet the changing population size, urbanization and worlds best practice. Sanitary Landfills: Nigeria as a country doesnt have a single sanitary landfill to its name. It uses open landfills and dumpsites for its waste disposal which is not hygienic and environmentally friendly. Traffic: This situation is more prominent in urban cities where the distance between the point of collection of waste and the disposal point could take a whole day to cover because of traffic congestion Legislature implementation: Nigeria has the uniqueness of making laws without having the legal presence to implement them and has cascaded to the waste management sector. Government Legislation: In situations where there are environmental laws in place, the fines attributed to breaking the laws are not a fair representation of the offence committed.eg Environmental Sanitation Edict NO:12.1985 stipulated a fine of two (200 ) naira or two( 2) months in prison for going out on sanitation days. GOVERNMENTS EFFORT SO FAR It is accepted that the Nigerian government has put in place several environmental bodies to curb the increasing environmental issues caused by waste generation. Such bodies include: Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) was established on 30th December, 1988 by the Federal Government to secure a quality environment for Nigerians. National Environmental Standards and Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA) was established in 1999 to enforce environmental laws. It was established as a subset of FEPA. Each state in Nigeria has its own Environmental Protection Agency e.g. Lagos State Environmental Protection Agency (LASEPA) State Ministry of Environment National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency (NOSDRA) ADVISED SOLUTIONS (RECOMMENDATIONS) GOVERNMENT TECHNICAL SOLUTION. The technical solutions recommended for government approval are: Prevention of waste This technique will include practices like: increasing the shelf life of a product (increasing product warranty) by citizens in their everyday life. Waste Generation Reduction. The key to achieving waste generation reduction is for the government to create awareness. Educate people on the effects of waste generation on the economy, the environment and themselves and to advise them on waste generation reduction techniques of shopping. This technique says that: People should only purchase what they need (necessities and essentials) People should purchase reusable products and goods People should buy products with little packaging People should buy recyclable products Composting: The government should set up waste compositing sites at strategic parts of the country. Compositing involves the use of anaerobic bacteria at high temperature and in the presence of Oxygen to digest and breakdown biodegradable waste into different components that are harmless to the environment and the end product can be used as fertilizers by farmers. Recycling The Nigerian government has no recycling department or unit in its environmental agency and also has no recycling plant. The key to recycling is in educating people on the different classes of waste and the different means of disposal and separation. The process of recycling involves the reprocessing of waste to produce a different or new product. This process should involved both the government and the people Incineration: With the reduction of the water content in generated waste, incineration can be carried out in an enclosed space under certain conditions to generate heat and energy that can be used to generate electricity. The government should look at this option as another means for energy generation as with the population size in the country the waste generated will be put to better use. This can only be achieved if citizens develop the practice of classifying waste into: general waste, recyclable waste and reusable waste. Sanitary landfill: Nigeria as a country doesnt have a single sanitary landfill. A sanitary landfill is usually used for the final waste that cannot be reused, recycled or composited. The ground is dug and lined to prevent the contamination of ground water and the waste is packed and lined then covered with dirt to reduce its smell and to stop animals from digging it up. The sanitary landfill site should be located far from residential areas. The government should look at building a few sanitary landfills in key areas in the country GOVERNMENT GENERAL SOLUTION: Set up awareness campaign to educate people on the worlds waste disposal and management best practices Provide technical knowhow and training programmers to environmental waste management agency employees Companies and the type of waste they generate should be registered with the government so as to enable the government put facilities on ground to dispose and manage the waste. Different types of waste should have different disposable sites. The disposal and management responsibility of waste should be cascaded down. The government should get private investors who will assist them in managing the generated waste Encourage the generation of a professional body for waste disposal and management Ensure that there is accountability for any waste disposal issue that might arise in the country. Ensure waste policys are implemented Ensure that physical, informative and financial facilities are put on ground to adequately combat environmental waste disposal and management. Creation of an adequate legal frame work to try offenders of waste management laws will go a long way in. Finance research into waste reduction and waste utilization technique ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF RECOMMENDATIONS Methane: The methane generated from fermentation if managed properly can be used as cooking fuel. This the government can add as another source of cooking fuel instead of kerosene and firewood Re cycling: Stops flooding: Incineration: Heat and Energy generated through this process will be used in electricity generation which in turn reduces our reliance on hydrolic electricity generation Compositing: This is a source of fertilizer to farmers that is environmental friendly Agriculture: The improvement in soil quality will lead to a corresponding increase in agricultural produce which if exported is a source of foreign currency. Reduces erosion: The increase in comportment of the soil will reduces the probability of erosion occurring with rainfall Good ground water and aquatic life survival: This will provide clean water for human consumption and plant growth Healthy populace: With the advent of a sustainable environment the countrys population will be healthy and free of waste and water borne diseases.

Images Of Apple Picking Essay -- essays research papers

Images of Apple Picking   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dr. Hofer â€Å"After Apple Picking† is fraught with imagery. Frost uses visual, olfactory, kinesthetic, tactile, and auditory imagery throughout this piece. Because the poem is filled with a variety of images, the reader is able to imagine the experience of apple picking. Frost brings He begins with â€Å"My long two-pointed ladder’s sticking through a tree† (line 1). This line gives the reader a visual concept of a long pointed ladder nestled in an apple tree. And, allows the reader to expand that image to a multitude of apple pickers with their pointy ladders alongside him in neighboring trees. Frost continues with the visual images with following lines:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  And there’s a barrel that I didn’t fill   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Beside it, and there may be two or three   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Apples I didn’t pick upon some bough. (Lines 3-5) Because of these lines, the reader envisions an apple picker on his ladder high up in the tree fling as many barrels as he can, but still not filling them all. In addition, to the visual images, Frost then moves on to olfactory imagery. In one very simple line, â€Å" The scent of apples: I am drowsing off† line 8, Frost gives the reader an opportunity to smell apples. As he does not specify the type of apples being picked it is left to the reader’s imagination as to what type...

Econimic Research :: essays papers

Econimic Research 1. During the 1960's, The Soviet economy may have been growing at a rate of growth much faster that the West, but the Soviet GDP would have provided a poor statistic for determining the welfare of the soviet people for several reasons. The first reason that GDP would be obsolete for determining the welfare of the people is that during the 1960's, the Soviet Union was in fact Communist, so the people were only allotted whatever property or privilege the government would allow, so there was no "free market" on which goods could be bought and sold by anyone. It is also of interest to know that during the 1960's and early 70's, the USSR did lead the world in a few industries(forestry, mining), but with such a larger labor force than the US, the GDP per capita would, all other things being equal (ceteris paribus), show that growth could have occurred solely due to larger population. 2. If the Instructor were to choose a fixed rate, he would hope that inflation would increase, so that he would be paying back money that has a lower purchasing power than the original principal amount the instructor would have financed, (just as in the scenario He had given about his Father in Maryland, and his mortgage held with the sinister bank who detests the fact that your Father has a fixed rate mortgage and pays around $300 a month). If our Instructor chose the adjustable rate, the instructor would think that inflation would decrease, and would also hope that interest rates would decrease as well. Since Alan Greenspan is somewhat unpredictable, I would advise the instructor to refinance for a fixed rate once interest rates take a turn for the better, so that it would be locked in at the lowest going rate available. 3. Changes in Production by Black Death(Bubonic Plague) in Medieval Times Land Land Labor(pre-Plague) Labor(post-Plague) B. Wages for the workers would increase due to the decrease in labor pools caused by death. C. The surviving workers benefited from this disaster due to the increase in wages available due to the untimely death of so many. The wealthy landowners would have been overall harmed by the loss in manual labor, which caused less productivity and yet higher wages could be demanded by the surviving workers out of necessity for needed labor, while the rental(capital) rate of the land decreased according to the isoquant.

Essay --

Ocean Acidification Water is the dominating force of life; it has etched, carved and determined the fate of humanity itself since the beginning of time. All living organisms are reliant on water; forced to migrate or adapt at a turn of events as simple as a drought. Despite pipes, wells and most other man made engineering, even humans still spend their days chasing clouds. So for once on this planet there are no arguments, no debates, as to the fact that we need water to survive. We even depend on the undrinkable oceans coating the earth; that act as a shelter for tens of thousands of ecosystems, food chains, and organisms. Some of which have achieved such a precarious balance, that the loss of any creature in a food web may lead to the downfall of the planet itself. â€Å"We are already well into a new geological era†¦ where human interference is the dominant factor in nearly every planetary ecosystem, to the detriment of perhaps all of them† (Lynas, 49). So why exactly are humans shifting such an important balance for the sake of excess? We’re tipping the scale; and might not be able to tell when the water starts to burn. Ocean acidification is a process that disrupts some of the most important biological functions and processes that all living organisms are dependent on. What is Ocean Acidification? Ocean Acidification is the act of CO2 dissolving into seawater, decreasing its alkalinity and increasing it's hydrogen ion concentration; making organisms sensitive to shifts in the water. Anything from temperature change to toxic waste inflicts some sort of change upon the ocean and the creatures it engulfs. As most people are aware, humans are altering the earth’s climate through producing greenhouse gas that is blanketing our atmosph... ...of coral. Zooxanthellae provides corals with their pigmentation as well as glucose and amino acids. Loss of zooxanthellae leads to "bleaching", a loss of coloration and stamina within the coral that lends the organism prone to disease. Conclusion Somehow our oceans maintain the balance between being some of the most powerful forces on the earth, and the most easily disturbed masses on the planet. There are so many things that could go wrong within the countless cycles, and the delicate processes that stabalize nature and sustain the biosphere; and people are continually interfering with these cycles. Ocean acidification is one of the most obvious results of human interference upon nature. â€Å"Pollution is nothing but the resources we are not harvesting. We allow them to disperse because we've been ignorant of their value.† ("R. Buckminster Fuller, in Memoriam").

Neck & Neck Business Strategy

The elements that helped in the success of â€Å"Neck & Neck† are the following: – Create a brand image. It's very important to consolidate the brand. The â€Å"Made in Spain† brand had an important position in the international market, so it was very important to achieve a new brand positioning. â€Å"Neck & Neck† is an exclusive brand for children. â€Å"Neck & Neck† is recognized under the brand name â€Å"Made in Spain† – Professionalism. Since the Zamacola family took over the management of â€Å"Neck & Neck†, the company began to have continuous growth. This is due to investing time and energy into creating an efficient and professional team. Although the previous management had an adequate business strategy, they had an overall inefficient management team. The new administration is focused on being professional in every aspect of their business. – Brand Franchise. â€Å"Neck & Neck† established a new plan to grow and expand the business globally. The new strategy included the creation of franchises. Each new store is expensive so the franchise is a strategy to reduce the economy impact. Also, the franchises will help introduce the brand in the international market. One of â€Å"NECK & NECK† goals is to become a major supplier of children's clothing. Do you think they have taken the right decision about their internationalization strategy? Internationalization is a very important strategy for â€Å"Neck & Neck† growth. Certainly, the foreign franchises provide information about the culture, preferences, and prices of each location. This information helps to establish the design and product strategy. Each place is different. It is recommended that the businesses be managed by local people. The internalization of â€Å"Neck & Neck† give a competitive edge to the company. Franchisees provide information needed to make decisions regarding distribution, production and marketing. Also, according with the General Manager, â€Å"Neck & Neck† uses a portion of it's cash flow to invest in foreign stores. This way, managers can learn about the market of each location and how manage it. Analyze â€Å"NECK & NECK† internationalization strategy. Do you find their expansion To choose the right place to introduce a new location, â€Å"Neck and Neck† takes cultural affinity between the new consumers and the â€Å"Made in Spain† consumers into consideration. The market segment will be the same – sophisticated people want their kids to wear great clothes. The product is targeted to people that are looking for new and unique children's clothing styles. Which expansion model do you think NECK & NECK should follow in the future: company owned points of sale, or franchising? Which advantages and disadvantages does the second have with respect to the first one? The franchise strategy established by â€Å"Neck & Neck† has been positive. Therefore, â€Å"Neck & Neck† should continue with this plan or establishing excellent management and a rejuvenated brand positioning. However, taking in consideration the success of the trade mark, the company should consider points of sale to expand the brand all over Spain. In fact, the enterprise made a strategy alliance with the Corte Ingles to expand the brand in Spain and Portugal. In any case, the franchise strategy is a priority and thanks to global brand recognition the company will continue to expand internationally. Franchising is the best strategy. The development of franchises will reduce â€Å"Neck and Neck's† dependence on the Spanish market and be in a position to open new global markets in Asia and Latin America.

Adn vs Bsn

ADN vs BSN Grand Canyon University: NRS 430V October 18, 2012 Over the course of time, many different types and levels of degrees have developed in the field of nursing. Today, many individuals are in an internal conflict of having either their ADN or BSN, the two most common degrees in the field. According to a sample survey, 50. 0% of the nursing workforce currently hold a BSN and 36. 1% have obtained an ADN (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2012). An ADN is an Associates degree in Nursing, whereas a BSN is a Baccalaureate in Nursing.The issue of the conflict arises from the confusion of what the actual benefit and difference the BSN would make in the work field due to the current good mixture of nurses with both degrees who work in the same areas doing the same work. Other than a slight pay difference, there are many benefits that individuals don’t realize there are in having a BSN. The first baccalaureate degree was developed in the United States at the Univers ity of Minnesota in 1909. Today, most BSN programs take about 4 years to complete.These programs prepare students to practice in the beginning levels of leadership. They prepare students by including the components of quality and patient safety, evidence-based practice, liberal education, information management, communication/collaboration, clinical prevention, public health and other professional values in the course. In today’s world, the demands placed on nursing in the emerging health care system are likely to require a greater proportion of RNs who are prepared beyond the associate degree or diploma level (Creasia & Friberg, 2011).Research has shown a few major, very important differences in the work force of those with BSN’s opposed to those of ADN’s. Those differences, although all ADN/BSN nursing programs have the same passing rate for the NCLEX-RN licensing examination, show that those nurses whom have a higher education are linked to a decrease in medi cation errors, lower mortality rates, and better quality patient care. The NCLEX tests for those minimum basic skills and knowledge needed to have a safe entry into the nursing practice.The test does not test those abilities learned in the baccalaureate program (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2012). These extra skills include, but are not limited to: critical thinking, health promotion, management, and flexibility to work in both in and outpatient areas (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2012). Those extra skills are being shown to be essential for the future demands that will come in the changing health care system and the new, increasing needs of the patient population.Many hospitals today are becoming what are called Magnet hospitals. These hospitals are those that are requiring all nurses who are in leadership/management positions to have a baccalaureate or diploma degree by 2013, and have an 80% baccalaureate prepared RN personnel by 2020 (American Asso ciation of Colleges of Nursing, 2012). As an example of a patient care situation involving a nurse handling an issue involving a patient, comparing a nurse prepared at the BSN level as opposed to the ADN level, the BSN RN would better handle the situation.Of the many nurse/patient scenarios that this concept could apply to, one that would be more commonly seen would be being a team leader in a code. The nurse that holds the ADN level of education does not have the same amount of education as the nurse holding the BSN level does, that extra education being specifically linked to leadership, critical thinking, professionalism and evidence-based practice research. The nurse with the BSN would be able to more efficiently recognize early signs and symptoms, direct a team during a code, know which action to take at which time, and handle speaking with family.The decision-making process of the nurse with the BSN would be made quicker and be made with more experience behind the issue or que stion. In conclusion, the act of nursing revolves around the focus of health. That level of act with the higher education is becoming more and more needed as healthcare progresses. The baccalaureate of nursing provides that higher level of act, including the roles of critical thinking, professionalism, ethics, teaching, and accountability.With the continued research, more and more studies are proving every day how a nurse with a BSN compared to one with an ADN can decrease mortality rates and failure-to-rescue cases. With the development of the Magnet hospitals, the movement is being made to help those numbers continue to progress in a positive direction. The education of nursing is theory driven, those theories being obtained from science, religion, ethics, humanities and evidence-based practice. (Grand Canyon University, 2011) References American Association of Colleges of Nursing. (2012).Fact sheet: creating a more highly qualified nursing workforce. Retrieved from http://www. aa cn. nche. edu/media-relations/ NursingWorkforce. pdf American Association of Colleges of Nursing. (2012). The impact of education on nursing practice. Retrieved from http://www. aacn. nche. edu/media-relations/fact-sheets/impact-of-education Creasia, Joan L. , & Friberg, Elizabeth E. (2011). Conceptual foundations: the bridge to professional nursing practice (5th ed. ). St. Louis, MS: Mosby, Inc. Grand Canyon University. (2011). Grand Canyon University College of Nursing Philosophy. 1-2. ———————– 2 2 Adn vs Bsn ADN vs BSN Grand Canyon University: NRS 430V October 18, 2012 Over the course of time, many different types and levels of degrees have developed in the field of nursing. Today, many individuals are in an internal conflict of having either their ADN or BSN, the two most common degrees in the field. According to a sample survey, 50. 0% of the nursing workforce currently hold a BSN and 36. 1% have obtained an ADN (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2012). An ADN is an Associates degree in Nursing, whereas a BSN is a Baccalaureate in Nursing.The issue of the conflict arises from the confusion of what the actual benefit and difference the BSN would make in the work field due to the current good mixture of nurses with both degrees who work in the same areas doing the same work. Other than a slight pay difference, there are many benefits that individuals don’t realize there are in having a BSN. The first baccalaureate degree was developed in the United States at the Univers ity of Minnesota in 1909. Today, most BSN programs take about 4 years to complete.These programs prepare students to practice in the beginning levels of leadership. They prepare students by including the components of quality and patient safety, evidence-based practice, liberal education, information management, communication/collaboration, clinical prevention, public health and other professional values in the course. In today’s world, the demands placed on nursing in the emerging health care system are likely to require a greater proportion of RNs who are prepared beyond the associate degree or diploma level (Creasia & Friberg, 2011).Research has shown a few major, very important differences in the work force of those with BSN’s opposed to those of ADN’s. Those differences, although all ADN/BSN nursing programs have the same passing rate for the NCLEX-RN licensing examination, show that those nurses whom have a higher education are linked to a decrease in medi cation errors, lower mortality rates, and better quality patient care. The NCLEX tests for those minimum basic skills and knowledge needed to have a safe entry into the nursing practice.The test does not test those abilities learned in the baccalaureate program (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2012). These extra skills include, but are not limited to: critical thinking, health promotion, management, and flexibility to work in both in and outpatient areas (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2012). Those extra skills are being shown to be essential for the future demands that will come in the changing health care system and the new, increasing needs of the patient population.Many hospitals today are becoming what are called Magnet hospitals. These hospitals are those that are requiring all nurses who are in leadership/management positions to have a baccalaureate or diploma degree by 2013, and have an 80% baccalaureate prepared RN personnel by 2020 (American Asso ciation of Colleges of Nursing, 2012). As an example of a patient care situation involving a nurse handling an issue involving a patient, comparing a nurse prepared at the BSN level as opposed to the ADN level, the BSN RN would better handle the situation.Of the many nurse/patient scenarios that this concept could apply to, one that would be more commonly seen would be being a team leader in a code. The nurse that holds the ADN level of education does not have the same amount of education as the nurse holding the BSN level does, that extra education being specifically linked to leadership, critical thinking, professionalism and evidence-based practice research. The nurse with the BSN would be able to more efficiently recognize early signs and symptoms, direct a team during a code, know which action to take at which time, and handle speaking with family.The decision-making process of the nurse with the BSN would be made quicker and be made with more experience behind the issue or que stion. In conclusion, the act of nursing revolves around the focus of health. That level of act with the higher education is becoming more and more needed as healthcare progresses. The baccalaureate of nursing provides that higher level of act, including the roles of critical thinking, professionalism, ethics, teaching, and accountability.With the continued research, more and more studies are proving every day how a nurse with a BSN compared to one with an ADN can decrease mortality rates and failure-to-rescue cases. With the development of the Magnet hospitals, the movement is being made to help those numbers continue to progress in a positive direction. The education of nursing is theory driven, those theories being obtained from science, religion, ethics, humanities and evidence-based practice. (Grand Canyon University, 2011) References American Association of Colleges of Nursing. (2012).Fact sheet: creating a more highly qualified nursing workforce. Retrieved from http://www. aa cn. nche. edu/media-relations/ NursingWorkforce. pdf American Association of Colleges of Nursing. (2012). The impact of education on nursing practice. Retrieved from http://www. aacn. nche. edu/media-relations/fact-sheets/impact-of-education Creasia, Joan L. , & Friberg, Elizabeth E. (2011). Conceptual foundations: the bridge to professional nursing practice (5th ed. ). St. Louis, MS: Mosby, Inc. Grand Canyon University. (2011). Grand Canyon University College of Nursing Philosophy. 1-2. ———————– 2 2

Analysis of the Cultural Framework of Norway

All human beings are affixed to some form of cultural system which dictates the way they do things and how they relate to one another (Tavanti 106). These unwritten norms, beliefs and values are affixed firmly to a cultural framework which is a blue print that enables them to be expressed. Each community has got its own cultural framework which binds people who share a lot in common e. g. a nationality and live within a distinct boundary like for example a country. In instances where the country has a large geographical area or has a mixture of distinct races there could be an existence of more than one cultural framework. An example of a country like this is the United States which has got two distinct races: black and white existing side by side although each race has got its own cultural framework. No country in the world exists without its own unique national culture. This paper will attempt to examine the cultural framework of Norway using findings from a study carried out by renowned professor Geert Hofstede who has studied the cultural frameworks of various countries and communities in the world at large overtime. Hofstede studied the cultural framework of Norway and came up with five dimensions. These are Power Distance Index, Individualism, Masculinity, Uncertainty Avoidance Index, Long-Term Orientation (Hofstede). Hofstede describes masculinity as the opposite of femininity and in culture it refers to the roles that the males carry out as compared to the females in a community. This dimension by Hofstede shows what it means to be male or female in any community. Holland, Blair & Sheldon argue that in most of the western countries, masculinity is hegemonic while femininity is emphasized (Holland, Blair & Sheldon 7). The characteristics exhibited by masculine members of society are power, authority, competence on technical matters etc while feminine members of society are tied down more to fulfilling the desires of their masculine counterparts (Holland, Blair & Sheldon 7). Hofstede’ scale places Norway’s masculinity index low at around 5%. This is low compared to many countries e. g. Germany where the masculinity scale is 65 percent. This shows that compared to other countries the difference between the values of the males and females of the country is not very large and both of them are treated with almost an equal status. For instance in a country with a low masculinity index like Norway both the men and women can do similar jobs without people raising their eyebrows like babysitting or cooking. The girls are also educated to the same level as boys and the number of boys and girls who graduate from university are almost similar. The similarity though is that most of the females in the world are concerned with how they look while males are measured according to their achievements. Individualism refers to the degree to which members of a society operate as single sovereign entities and are treated as such. Hofstede adds that it is the opposite of collectivism where individuals live as a community. Or groups e. g. extended families that consist of several relatives e. g. grandfathers, uncles, in-laws, aunts etc. in the individualism index provided by Hofstede places the country at 62%. This shows that most of the people in Norway are used to living and being treated as individuals rather than a collection where people think on their own and pursue their dreams as individuals. Countries with high individualism scores like the United States are also the ones with the highest economic strengths. On the issue of individualism Ponderator argues that the advantages of living in a country with a high individualism index are the treatment of all people with equality, freedom and independence (Ponderator 23). Furthermore individualists are considered to be high achievers and are very competitive as compared to collectivists who work as a group as this slows down the progress of the group as whole. However with individualism cohesion between people of an individualistic country tends to loosen with time and families are the ones that are affected mostly. For instance high divorce rates exist in most of the western countries. Power distance index refers to the division of wealth and power between the members of a population of a country. Hofstede says that it also shows how unequal the societies of the world are in terms of wealth and power distribution and the fact that the people without power have come to accept that power and wealth distribution is indeed unequal. His findings place Norway’s power distance index at 25% which is relatively low compared to most of the countries. According to Moij, a low power distance index represents a society that has its people operating on almost the same economic levels as the governments try to focus on providing equal opportunities and rights to its citizens (Moij, 83). He further gives illustrations like for instance in high power distance index economies people attempt to dress as nicely as possible in that you can know the economic strength of people from their outfits. On the contrary in low power distance index economies people do not care too much on what they wear as they are the same. He also adds that a low power distance index country like Norway is as a result of high levels of education within its population. Moij defines uncertainty avoidance as the level of fear of uncertain occurrences happening to them through their instincts and the steps that they take to avoid these unplanned occurrences (Moij, 83). The results shown on Hofstede’s index show Norway’s uncertainty avoidance index at 45% which is just below the centre mark. Moij further adds on that countries with low uncertainty avoidance index are more open to change and innovation. They also do not seem to care much about the quality of food that they eat e. g. it is uncommon t find people insisting to drink mineral water when piped water is clean. They also do not care too much about their physical appearances and are less emotional and more tolerant (83). The fifth dimension is an addition to the first four and was part of Hofstede’s plan to find out the difference in thinking between the people who live in western countries and those who live in the east. This was after it was discovered that the east is developing rapidly in terms of business and economy and no information was available originally to explain the success of some countries from the east in innovations, business etc (Moij, 84) Norway’s long-term orientation is placed at a low of 20% which in essence means it is a short term orientation country. Characteristics of the population of Norway with respect to their orientation could be they respect their culture, appreciate presents and give back, protection of personal reputations etc. Conclusion The 5 cultural dimensions outlined by Professor Geerte Hofstede gave a good framework for studying the difference in cultures in the world. It shows why people uphold certain beliefs and even passing them through generations. This paper has evaluated a case study of Norway which is in Europe while at the same time comparing it with other countries to show the difference in cultures.

Life as a Parent

Growing up we all wish that one day we will have a family, with a partner and children. At least that’s what I’ve always known. That I believe should be everyone’s plan growing up. Unfortunately, there are some people not fortunate enough to have the opportunity to have children of their own, but like they say a parent is someone who raises them not someone who has just their blood. I met a young couple who got married at a very young age, and struggled much to have children. They tried and tried for many years. Their names were Phil Hansen and Candy Chang. They were a young couple who lived in a huge mansion. Phil was a great artist and Candy was an artist, designer, and urban planner. They had it all money, a big house, great jobs, but that wasn’t all they needed in life. They wanted to have children so bad but after so many treatments found out that neither of them had the capability of producing any children. Candy would always say to Phil â€Å"I want children so bad honey, I want to smell a newborn baby, their just so adorable†. This would upset Phil badly, he wanted to make Candy happy and give her everything she wanted. Until one day, he thought of a great idea. He thought maybe him and Candy could adopt two children. He thought it was a great idea but didn’t know how Candy would feel about it. One night he decided to take Candy out for dinner to her favorite restaurant. That night Candy got ready and said to Phil â€Å"What’s the reason is for this dinner? She said. Phil responded, No reason just felt like going out for dinner and having a serious conversation with you. That only left Candy wondering what was really going on. They arrived at a restaurant called â€Å"Ming Chinese Buffet†, it was a Chinese restaurant. After enjoying a wonderful tasty dinner, Phil asked Candy â€Å"Candy would you like to adopt some children and make hem our own†? Candy smiled, and replied of course that is a wonderful idea. She was so excited. The next morning they went to orphanage, where there were children left that had no parents, and were waiting for someone to want to be their parents. There were kids of all ages, from newborns to teenagers. Phil and Candy were undecided on wether to adopt newborns or teenagers, because they knew they wanted to adopt two children. They fell in love with many children there, they all were lovely. After giving it lots of though, they decided to go for thse two boys that were cousins. They were 5 & 6 years of age. Their names were Stephen Ritz and Ramsey Musallam. Their mothers were sisters; they both gave them up for their drug addiction. Phil and Candy completed the adoption process and took their boys home after a few weeks. These boys started changing their life’s since day one. Phil and Candy created rooms for both their boys, bought them clothes, toy, everything they wanted. They boys meant everything to them; they gave them the best education, the best of everything. They enjoyed every minute with them, they knew that time would fly, and they would be adult in no time. Years and years went by. Next thing you knew they were adults. Ramsey was 24 and Stephen was 25. They were two grown men. They were so thrilled, and happy that these two young men were all grown up, and were two young men. They both were very smart boys, that knew exactly what they wanted to be in life. Stephen knew he wanted to be a teacher, and he wanted to change the life of many children. Ramsey as well was interested in the education field; he wanted to be an educator. They knew exactly what they had to do, and with such great parents, they knew that they had all the support from them. Phil and Candy paid Stephen and Ramsey’s way through the best of the education there is out there. They successfully were able to accomplish everything they intended to. Stephen became a well-known teacher/administrator. He had a believe that students shouldn’t have to leave their community to live, learn and earn. He wanted to help children have something of their own, in their own community. That is why a successful group of his students features the first edible wall in New York City. This wall generates enough produce to feed about 450 students very healthy meals, and trains young children. His students traveled throughout New York and earned their own wage. He felt very successful for accomplishing one of his goals. Ramsey on the other hand was a successful educator. He believed that education was a slow and painful process. All this new technology, he believed was hard to consume. He was a great science teacher at Sacred Heart Cathedral Prep in San Francisco, CA. His goal from the start was to integrate multimedia into a hands on, inquiry-based learning cycle, and to empower other teachers to do the same. He became a successful advocate for flip teaching, tab casting, video casting, and screen casting in classrooms. They both succeeded in what they wanted to acknowledge. They became very well-known educators that made a change. They were able to accomplish all this with the help of Candy and Phil. They were such a great support system to them, and never failed to be there for them. Phil and Candy were very proud of their children and how successful they were. They knew that they had raised to very wonderful children. They were proud of all their accomplishments, and were very thankful for adopting such wonderful children, whom they loved as they were their own. The story of this wonderful couple really made me realize, there’s always an opportunity for everything. Phil and Candy were devastated of the thought of never having children, and at first didn’t acknowledge the opportunity of adoption. When they made that choice, they knew it wasn’t going to be easy, but decided to go for it anyways. Now they feel so grateful for the big opportunity life set for them, and for getting the opportunity to be such great parents. They felt like they succeeded as parents, and now plan for a wonderful future with their successful children.

Comparing The Bible & Milton's Paradise Lost Essay

Comparing The Bible & Milton's Paradise Lost - Essay Example This inclination to religious themes was manifested in his works prior to Paradise Lost. Some of these works are On the Morning of Christs Nativity, The Passion, and Upon the Circumcision (Luxon). This religious disposition displayed in his works continued after Paradise Lost was published; two examples of his works are Paradise Regained, and Samson Agonistes (Luxon). But among his literary works with religious themes, the best one would be his epic masterpiece, Paradise Lost. However, it would be objectionable to call Milton’s Paradise Lost to be the greatest literary work or the greatest epic of all time. For one, Paradise Lost may be in some way, a copy of the accounts of Moses about man’s first offense against God. The plot from the Bible was adapted in poetry form but Milton intricately laced the story with descriptive details that even include dialogues between Satan and the other rebel angels; narrations about the origin of the world by an angel named Raphael; and conversations between Adam and Eve. Another reason would be its similarities with the early epics Aeneid by Virgil and Iliad by Homer. Paradise Lost is analogous to Virgil’s Aeneid and Homer’s Iliad mainly because of their similarities in their source of inspiration. Other noticeable similarities would be on the plot, the characters involved and the relationships of the characters to each other in the three epics. Before giving further details about Paradise Lost’s similarities with the other two epics, it would be best to know beforehand Milton’s literary basis in writing Paradise Lost and that would be the Bible. The fall of man as accounted in Paradise Lost has some similarities and differences from the Biblical account of the entry of sin in earth. Being based on the Bible, the similarities are very obvious, but the differences require to be discussed. In the

Project management of aproject that i will give Essay

Project management of aproject that i will give - Essay Example resources and effort used and discounts the proficiencies of the project manager, thereby providing a rigid and accountable project management method. It establishes clear dependencies and facilitates identification of the critical path of the process. However, the method tends to be tedious when the number of paths and activities is large in number. It is also difficult to monitor the pace of the project using this method. WBS: WBS enables the identification of all the tasks required to complete the project and enables the project manager to move around things easily. Adding, deleting and modifying activities is a simplified process. However, it does not provide an exhaustive picture and is does not provide a chronological sequence of occurrence of the activities. A work package is a set of activities that can be assigned to an individual participant in a project. A work package helps plan a group of related activities that provide a common end result. Estimates from the parameters of work packages help determine the pace of the project as a combined set of all such estimates of related work packages. WBS is used to decompose a complex activity into a set of individual and discrete activities. An organizational breakdown structure help define the hierarchical constitution of the project’s and responsibilities. CPA is a mathematical approach to enabling the scheduling of projects. The structure of a WBS is communicated between a project manager and those responsible for each of the discrete activities. OBS is used by the project team to have an understanding of the report and command mechanism between different team members. CPA is used by the project planner, who estimates the time required for each activity and transition from one activity to another. Without a WBS, there would be no possibility to decompose a complex project into a set of simple activities. Without OBS, team members would not know whom to report to and whom to take orders from. Without a