Terrorism Is A Very Real And Serious Threat - 1754 Words

Terrorism is a very real and serious threat. The United States of America is not the only country under attack by terrorists, the US is simply another target. Countries such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, Iraq, Myanmar, Yemen, Japan, and many other countries have all been under attack by terrorist groups. The UK and Ireland were both under attack by the Irish Republican Army (IRA). They had a simple plan outlined in their â€Å"Green Book† they wanted â€Å"the establishment of a ‘Democratic Socialist Republic,† for their long term goal. As for a short term goal, the book simply says, â€Å"Brits out,† (Boyne). They had a goal and were working towards achieving it. As for the attacks in Japan, the most notable attack there happened in the subway. A doomsday cult known as Aum Shinrikyo carried out the attack by releasing sarin gas, a nerve gas, into the Tokyo subway system. Although the attack had a relatively low number of fatalities, it still caused a maj or scare in Japan. Aum Shinrikyo believes that one is allowed to kill another human who is committing evil deeds and destined for hell anyway (Seto). Finally, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and many other Middle Eastern countries are still under attack by many terrorist organizations. Groups such as the Taliban, Al Shabaab, and Al Qaeda are still very real threats. Al Qaeda, for an example, have attacked America, the most famous being the attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City in 2001. Many of these groups have attackedShow MoreRelatedEvents Of 9 / 11 : An Era Of New Terrorism 893 Words   |  4 Pagesan era of ‘new terrorism’. The attacks created a change to the perceived level of vulnerability to terrorist attacks in North America given that 9/11 was the first time there was an act of terrorism on such a significant scale within the United States. While the evidence for both sides is very compelling it is difficult to label the era as â€Å"new† th erefore the essay will conclude that the attacks lead to an evolution in terrorism and thus in the way Canada deals with terrorist threats. As a resultRead MoreHow Real Is the Terrorist Threat Essay1638 Words   |  7 Pagesterrorist threat to the commercial sector is a very real and serious threat to the continuity of a business, but not all companies face the same direct threat, most companies would be affected by the collateral effects of a terrorist incident. This narrative will not comment on the cyber terrorist which is as big a threat to businesses as is the destruction or damage to their premises as this is a paper in itself. The UK has long faced terrorism from various sources the most significant threat throughoutRead More Cyberterrorism Essays1633 Words   |  7 PagesCyberterrorism Introduction Cyberterrorism is the convergence of terrorism and cyberspace. It is generally understood to mean unlawful attacks and threats of attack against computers, networks, and the information stored therein. Possibly to intimidate, influence a government or its people to further political or social gain. To qualify as cyberterrorism, an attack should result in violence against persons or property, or generate fear. Attacks that lead to death or bodilyRead MoreLiving With Terrorism Essay1027 Words   |  5 Pages Terrorism has been in existence for ages, and is still relatively difficult to define. Though the word terror is clear, when it becomes applied to acts, or actors, it becomes confusing. A definition that can be retrieved from Google is â€Å"the use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims†. This gives a vague idea of what terrorism truly is. A more in-depth definition of terrorism would include characteristics such as, a crime of holy duty, a political tactic or strategy, an inexcusableRead MoreTerrorism: September 11th, 2001 Essay870 Words   |  4 Pagescitizens have been afraid of terrorists. The biggest contributor to this fear was 9/11, but that was not the only recent world attack. Terrorist attacks in Syria have also created fear, yet Syria is nowhere near the United States. While terrorism is definitely a threat, this concern is exaggerated. September 11th, 2001 was the day two Boeing 767s crashed into the the World Trade Center in NYC; this day changed everything. In the United States, security in airports and borders changed, adding many newRead MoreSurveillance Program Unethical Use Of Computer1628 Words   |  7 PagesUS government used national security surveillance programs for the intent to protect Americans from terrorism and cyber-attacks. These surveillance programs were initiated by NSA to spy on telecommunication data and the internet activities. However, these programs were created for the purpose of maintaining the security of people. These programs are effective tools to confront the terrorist threat that the government been fighting. It gather and analyze communicated information on different mediumsRead MoreAmerica And Its Homeland Security Online Essay1587 Words   |  7 Pagesprovided by the states and federal government. These tasks get more difficult as new technology introduces itself. Cybersecur ity is one of the most popular security sectors in today’s world. There is not only cyberbullying going on in the world. Terrorism can be planned and sent from person to person over the internet. People’s identities are being stole to help carry out these terrorist acts and this is just the being of it. The United States created the Department of Homeland Security as a resultRead MorePersuasive Essay On Terrorism1126 Words   |  5 Pageseverything went dark. This was the experience of a young life cut short due to the horrific and misguided actions of a lone-wolf. The cold bare truth is that drastic measures must be adopted by the Australian government to ruthlessly tackle the threats to democracy and innocent lives by callous extremists. Australian and other Western countries are plagued by the danger of radicalisation on two levels. Firstly, those fighters who have left our country to fight for ISIS and are returning. SecondlyRead MoreTerrorism And International Business Research1130 Words   |  5 PagesSadly, terrorism permeates everyday society, and the intensifying impact of terrorism on international business is a global phenomenon with heightening implications for both theory and practice. This research paper is a novel exploratory study of how international businesses apply past terrorism exposure and experience from operating in risky locations to create organizational preparedness and performance resilience to endure future terrorist attacks. The unique firm level research provides a theoreticalRead MoreTerrorism Is Very Real For Mnes Essay1233 Words   |  5 PagesSadly, terrorism permeates everyday society, and the intensifying impact of terrorism on international business is a global phenomenon with implications for both theory and practice. The research question addressed by this exploratory study is how international businesses apply past terrorism exposure and experience from operating in risky locations to create organizational preparedness and performance resilience to absorb and endure future terrorist attacks. This paper contributes to the international

Tugas English Free Essays

Writing an Essay Give your opinion through an essay on the following statement. Computer games are very bad for people and they cause a lot of problems. Write your essay in 120-180 words in an appropriate style. We will write a custom essay sample on Tugas English or any similar topic only for you Order Now Content: An essay should fully address the points made in the statement, discussing both whether or not computer games are bad for people and the answer of problems that they cause. Range of grammar and vocabulary: The present simple tense is likely to be required to talk about habits and general facts. Vocabulary connected with habits, leisure time and causes and results is required. Register: The essay could be fairly formal, informal or neutral, depending on how the candidate wishes to approach the topic. Organization and cohesion: The essay should be appropriately divided into paragraphs, separating points that agree with the statement in the questions and points that disagree. Appropriate linking between different points should be used (e. g. : On the other hand). The reader: The essay should understand fully the writer’s opinions on the topic and the reasons why the writer has these opinions. Model answer: It is true that computer games can be bad for some people. Many of the games are very violent and some people may be influenced by this and then do the violent things themselves. I also believe that computer games can be additive and this can be bad for people. Some young people, for example, spend too much time playing these games instead of 1 activities that are much healthier for them, such as playing sports. This means that they can become unfit and also that they spend less time talking to their friends and having good relationships with other people. Playing computer games for long periods of time can also have a bad effect on people psychologically. They can put people into a bad mood and affect their relationships with their friends and family. On the other hand, computer games are not all bad. People can learn skills from playing them and of course they can be great fun. They provide a very good source of entertainment. There is nothing wrong with them as long as people don’t spend too much time playing them. Now, write down your essay. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 How to cite Tugas English, Essay examples

Anita Hill free essay sample

Anita Hill, a lawyer who worked for now Judge Clarence Thomas, US Supreme Court Judge, then just a nominee. Anita Hill came forward with allegations that Thomas had sexually harassed her while they worked together at the Department of Education and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. She is accusing him of harassing her not physically but through comments. According to the article, it appears that Anita Hill is possibly making up lies about her being sexually harassed. Anita Hill could be lying because she said after she first turned him down he just asked why she refused to go out with him. Another thing she said that is hard to believe is after all that she accused him of she took a second job under this same man. One more thing that does not go is that she said she finally went out with him after she found another job; job or no job she should not be going nowhere with a person who has harassed her sexually. We will write a custom essay sample on Anita Hill or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Anita Hill could be lying because she said after she first turned him down he just asked why she refused to go out with him. By him asking her why is not a good enough reason to say she was sexually harassed. She did not say she was grabbed by him or anything of that nature. All she says he did was just continued to ask her to go or why she refused to go. She also do not have any witnesses, it is her word against his about every encounter they had together. . Another thing she said that is hard to believe is after all that she accused him of she took a second job under this same man. If it was so hard for her to get away from her boss she had a golden opportunity. She did not have to quit; all she had to do was not accept the second job. She says she took it because she thought the comments were gone. By her taking the job, shows that what ever he said could not have been what she made it out to be because she took the second job. One more thing that does not go is that she said she finally went out with him after she found another job. Job or no job she should not be going nowhere with a person who has harassed her sexually. This is very hard to believe she finally decided to go out with a man who sexually harassed on many different occasions at two different jobs where she was his assistant. She says the reason she went out with him because he said it was going to be a professional courtesy and not a social invitation. This was the time she should have turned him down on her last day of work. He was not her boss any more so she definitely has no reason to go out with him now. By it jus being her word against his word is a reason she could possibly lying. She does not make strong points about it being true either. She says she went out with a person who sexually harassed her because it was professional courtesy and not a social invitation. That does not make sense. Another thing that is hard to believe is that she was offered a second job by the man she accused of sexually harassing her and she took the job. Those are a couple of points that make Anita Hill’s testimony not valid.

Womens Suffrage Movement Impact on the Us Research Paper Example

Womens Suffrage Movement Impact on the Us Paper Kayla Benware Professor Donnelly History 202 Research Paper Fall 2011 Women’s Suffrage Movement Impact on the United States Woman suffrage in the United States was achieved gradually through the 19th and early 20th Century. The women’s suffrage movement concluded in 1920 with a famous passage of the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution which stated: â€Å"The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. In the aftermath of the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848, which demanded the rights for women’s suffrage, most Americans rejected the movement because people did not want the United States system to change when it was already clearly working, women already had a solidified role and duty in local affairs, and because men and women were just simply viewed as having different abilities and capabilities in society. Although many Americans were against women’s s uffrage, the movement brought progress towards equality, related social and political reform, and led to many key events that positively allowed women to bring about social change. The first women’s rights convention was held in Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. Two days later, a Declaration of Sentiments was signed by 68 women and 32 men. This outlined all the injustices and allowed the women’s rights movement to begin. Twelve resolutions were adopted, calling for equal treatment of women and men under the law and voting rights for women. In 1850, the first national Women’s Rights Convention took place in Worcester, Massachusetts. More than 1,000 participants came and annual national conventions were held afterwards all the way through 1860. Some of the most influential women in history were Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. In 1869, they formed the National Woman Suffrage Association, with the goal to attain voting rights for women through an amendment to the Constitution. In Letters of a Nation, Elizabeth Cady Stanton writes a letter to Susan B. Anthony about editing their feminist newspaper, â€Å"The Revolution. † In this letter, Stanton writes how changing the name of â€Å"The Revolution† would be a mistake. Stanton quotes, â€Å"The establishing of woman on her rightful throne is the greatest revolution the world has ever known or ever will know. To bring it about is no child’s play. You and I have not forgotten the conflict of the last twenty-years- the ridicule, persecution, denunciation, detraction, the unmixed bitterness of our cup for the past two years, when even friends crucified us†. These gallant statements that Stanton writes proves how much the women’s suffrage movement needed to happen. Stanton is literally bitter about how they have been treated and will do anything to change the American ways for a more fair and equal future for women. Stanton comes off as an admiral, strong women in history, who believes that she can make a difference in everyone’s lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Womens Suffrage Movement Impact on the Us specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Womens Suffrage Movement Impact on the Us specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Womens Suffrage Movement Impact on the Us specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Indeed, Stanton is one of the many reasons why the women’s suffrage movement occurred, and all women everywhere have her to thank. Fifty-one years later, Anthony and Stanton are still friends working on â€Å"The Revolution† and trying to see their ultimate dream through- the right for women to vote. Unfortunately, they never lived to see this day, but another letter was found in Letters of a Nation, in which Anthony wrote a letter to Stanton about their journey through the women suffrage. Anthony describes that throughout all their hard work, they never once stopped being optimistic towards their battle for women’s suffrage. Even in fifty years, they accomplished a lot more than they could have hoped for, such as: women were able to get a college education, have business experience, and were fully able to speak in public now. Anthony continued to be optimistic throughout her letter and was certain that their influence and reign would be carried on to victory by future women. Anthony was indeed correct on this, as the women’s suffrage battle was ended about twenty years later and all women were granted the right to vote, among other sanctions and rights. Other influential women in women suffrage history, such as Lucy Stone and Henry Blackwell, formed the American Woman Suffrage Association in late 1869. This group’s goal was to continue Anthony’s and Stanton’s goal and gain voting rights for women through amendments to individual state constitutions. The territory of Wyoming was later the first to pass the women’s suffrage law; and women began to serve on juries there as early as the following year. By 1890, The National Women Suffrage Association and the American Women Suffrage Association merged to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSAA). This became the movement’s mainstream organization and NAWSA started state-by-state campaigns in order to obtain voting rights for women. Colorado was the first state to adopt an amendment granting the right to vote in 1893. Closely after, Utah, Idaho, Washington State, California, Oregon, Kansas, Arizona, Alaska, Illinois, Montana, Nevada, New York, Michigan, South Dakota, and Oklahoma all adopted the amendment by 1918. Many other events followed suit, including The National Association of Colored Women in 1896, which brought together more than 100 black women’s clubs. Some famous activist leaders in the black women’s club movement were Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin, Mary Church Terrell, and Anna Julia Cooper. â€Å"Although woman suffrage meant different things to different African American women, most believed that the ballot was essential to the growth of democracy and to the advancement of human rights in the United States. † This belief was furthered by the late nineteenth century, where women suffrage rationale had grown to include the argument that African American women needed the vote in order to help uplift the Black race and to obtain their own rights. This just goes to explicate how important and influential the women’s suffrage was to history. The movement was necessary, as the white women leaders of the movement constructed the history and determined the path and the value of Black women to the movement. In 1903, the National Women’s Trade Union League (WTUL) was established to advocate for improved wages and working conditions for women. Ten years later, Alice Paul and Lucy Burns formed a Congressional Union to work toward the passage of a federal amendment to give women the vote. The group was later renamed and better known as the National Women’s Party. Members of the National Women’s Party picketed the White House and protested in other forms in home of getting the vote. A few years later, Margaret Sanger opened the first U. S. birth-control clinic in Brooklyn, N. Y. However, ten days later, Sanger is arrested and the clinic is shut down. This is a big moment in women’s suffrage, as she eventually won support through the courts and opened another clinic in New York City in 1923. The early 20th century is a huge benchmark in women history, as the federal woman suffrage amendment, originally written by Susan B. Anthony forty-one years earlier, is passed by the House of Representatives and the Senate in 1919. It was then sent to the states for ratification. A year later, the Women’s Bureau of the Department of Labor was formed to collect information about women in the workforce and to advocate good working conditions for women. On August 26, 1920, the 19th Amendment to the Constitution was signed into law by Secretary of State, Bainbridge Colby. Women were finally granted the right to vote, which would lead to inspire future generations of women to fight for equal rights. Not only did the women suffrage movement help future generations for equal rights, but the permanent war economy of the United States depended on the women’s suffrage and the corporation of the women at large. Women were the ones who went into the factories during the wars, which goes to show how women were just as capable and justified to have the same rights as men. This furthers the point that women deserved the right to vote. As a result of women’s presence in factories, the United States could build an even larger military structure with the men going to war and women staying at home and working. Women’s suffrage has had an enormous impact on society today. Since the early 20th century, women have only grown stronger and more involved in the United States government, politics, economics, and social world today. From running for president, to juggling successful careers, women prove that they can do more than cook in the kitchen and take care of their families. If it weren’t for women’s suffrage and all the battles that the US went through to get to the nineteenth amendment, we wouldn’t be as transformed and accomplished as we are today. From the progressive era to now, there have been many battles, wars, and events that have shaped the women and everyone else in our society today. Works Cited Campbell, Karen; Granberg, Ellen; McCammon, Holly; Mowery, Christine, â€Å"HowMovements Win: Gendered Opportunity Structures and U. S. Women’s Suffrage Movements, 1866-1919,† American Sociological Review, Vol. 6, No. 1, (Feb. , 2001): 49-70. Carroll, Andrew. Letters of a Nation. New York, NY: Kodansha America, Inc. , 1997. Daley, Caroline Nolan, Melanie. Suffrage Beyond. New York, NY: New York University Press, 1994. Terborg-Penn, Rosalyn. African American Women in the Struggle for the Vote, 1850-1920. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1998. [ 1 ]. Campbell, Karen; Granberg, Ellen; McCammon, Holly; Mowery, Chris tine, â€Å"HowMovements Win: Gendered Opportunity Structures and U. S. Women’s Suffrage Movements, 1866-1919,† American Sociological Review, Vol. 66, No. 1, (Feb. , 2001): 54. [ 2 ]. Campbell, 52 [ 3 ]. Campbell, 53 [ 4 ]. Campbell, 49. [ 5 ]. Campbell, 51 [ 6 ]. Campbell, 54 [ 7 ]. Campbell, 68 [ 8 ]. Campbell, 67 [ 9 ]. Carroll, Andrew. Letters of a Nation. New York, NY: Kodansha America, Inc. , 1997, 183 [ 10 ]. Carroll, 183 [ 11 ]. Carroll, 184 [ 12 ]. Carroll, 184 [ 13 ]. Carroll, 185 [ 14 ]. Carroll, 185 [ 15 ]. Carroll, 186 [ 16 ]. Campbell, 63 [ 17 ]. Campbell, 73 [ 18 ]. Terborg-Penn, Rosalyn. African American Women in the Struggle for the Vote, 1850-1920. Indiana: Indiana University Press, (1998): 239. [ 19 ]. Daley, Caroline Nolan, Melanie. Suffrage Beyond. New York, NY: New York University Press, (1994): 56 [ 20 ]. Campbell,76 [ 21 ]. Campbell, 52 [ 22 ]. Terborg- Penn, 13 [ 23 ]. Terborg- Penn, 44 [ 24 ]. Terborg, Penn, 160 [ 25 ]. Terborg-Penn, 161 [ 26 ]. Daley, 51 [ 27 ]. Daley, 54 [ 28 ]. Campbell, 61 [ 29 ]. Campbell, 63 [ 30 ]. Campbell, 66 [ 31 ]. Campbell, 67 [ 32 ]. Campbell, 68 [ 33 ]. Campbell, 68 [ 34 ]. Campbell, 69 [ 35 ]. Campbell, 69

Reynolds Surname Meaning and Origin

Reynolds Surname Meaning and Origin The common last name Reynolds is a patronymic surname meaning son of Reynold. The given name Reynold derives from the Germanic name Reginold composed of the elements ragin, meaning counsel, advice and wald, meaning rule. Mac Raghnaill is the Irish version of the Reynolds  surname, deriving  from the Old Norse  Rognvald  a Latin given name composed of  rogn for regal and vald, or valor. Surname Origin: English, Irish Alternate Surname Spellings: REYNOLDSON, REYNOLD, MAC RAGHNAILL, MRAINELL, MRANALD, MRANDAL, MACRANNALL, MACRANALD, MACRANDELL, MACCRINDLE, MACREYNOLD, MACREYNOLDS, RANDALSON, RONALDSON, RANNALS, RANDALS, RANDLES, RANOLDS Famous People with the Surname REYNOLDS: Ryan Reynolds - Canadian actorGeneral John F. Reynolds -  Union leader during the U.S. Civil War Genealogy Resources for the Surname REYNOLDS: Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 250 common last names from the 2000 census? The Reynolds Family CircleA  non-profit organization open to any descendant of William Reynolds and Jane Milliken who were married on August 23, 1790 in Greene County, Tennessee. Reynolds Surname DNA ProjectThis FamilyTreeDNA hosted project has over 200 members with the Reynolds surname who have had their Y-DNA tested in an attempt to determine distant ancestral origins. Reynolds Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Reynolds surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or ask your own question about your Reynolds ancestors. FamilySearch - REYNOLDS GenealogyFind records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Reynolds surname and its variations. REYNOLDS Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Reynolds surname. DistantCousin.com - REYNOLDS Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Reynolds. Looking for the meaning of a given name? Check out First Name Meanings Cant find your last name listed? Suggest a surname to be added to the Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins. - References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

A Brief Note On The Vietnam War Of Vietnam

Vietnam War On November 1, 1995 the North Vietnamese attacked South Vietnam to mark the beginning of the Vietnam War (Tet Offensive). Spanning nineteen years, the Vietnam War was a conflict fought between six different countries and allies over the differing opinions concerning communism. Ho Chi Minh was the leader for the North and believed in a communist government and received help from the Soviet Union and China (Biography of Ho Chi Minh). On the other hand, leader of Southern Vietnam, General†¦ The Vietnam War was an extensive and expensive war between the Communist regime of North Vietnam and South Vietnam, known as Viet Cong. The United States were allies with South Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh was the founder of the Indochina Communist Party and the prime minister and leader of North Vietnam. His Communist party was called the Viet Minh. Ngo Dinh Diem was the first President of South Vietnam. He was not in favor of Communism. The war started on November 1, 1955 and ended on April 30, 1975.†¦ How To Do Business In Vietnam Name: Institution: How to do business in Vietnam Background Vietnam is a Southeast Asia country bordering China to the north, Cambodia and Laos to the west. The country has a population of 90.5 million residents. Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam but Ho Chi Minh City in the south is the most populated and the largest commercial city. The coastline opens up to the Gulf of Thailand. The land area of Vietnam is 331,114 square kilometers. A large†¦ the early days of the Vietnam war, United states involvement was limited to training and assistance to the South Vietnamese to help them defeat the communist soldiers of North Vietnam. The Vietnam War was a military conflict fought between North Vietnam and South Vietnam. South Vietnam was supported by the United States and other anti-communist allies; whereas, the North Vietnamese were supported by their communist allies. The Viet Cong fought using a guerrilla style of war, ambushing in small troops†¦ The country of Vietnam has always been in some sort of disputation. Previous to the Vietnam war, Vietnam was continually on the brink of losing their country to the French. From 1874 to 1954, the French colonization of Vietnam was taking place. After the French conquered Vietnam, they had goals including profiting economically, teaching and spreading the history and language of French culture, and having total dominance over Vietnam. If an individual was Vietnamese at this time they had the choice†¦ Vietnam war was started 12 years just after WW2 had ended. Vietnam war had started because of the struggle between the republic of Vietnam. You had 2 parts of vietnam who couldn 't get along and agree so they made a Line along the 17th Parallel call The Demilitarized Zone. It had separated North Vietnam and South Vietnam. The north was always meaner and the bad country while South vietnam was the nicer and gooder country. The Capital of North Vietnam was Hanoi. The capital of South Vietnam was Saigon†¦ psychologically by a history of war. After the Vietnam War, the country crippled under the leadership of the Communist party, the dominant and only political party in the country. The Communist party spreaded its control over every aspect of the country’s citizens and, at the same time, created a pseudo democratic system. The main cause of such corruption is the connection between the Communist Parties of Vietnam and China. While there exists a psychological border between China and Vietnam that has been around†¦ maintain control over their Indochinese colonies. Lastly, the United States would get involved in Vietnam in an attempt to prop up the southern Republic of Vietnam against the communist Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The following will be a brief summary that compares and contrasts the French and American conflicts in Vietnam by looking at motives for the wars, how the territorial boundaries of the war were defined, differences in understanding of why the Vietnamese wanted independence, and if the†¦ The Vietnam Conflict The Vietnam War, also known as the second Indochina war was fought between the years of 1954 and 1973. Although the American involvement was not as concentrated until 1963. The record for longest war in American history to this day goes to the Vietnam, but the story doesn’t start when America stepped in, it goes way beyond that. Before either of the Indochina wars, Vietnam was a French Colony. The French maintained strong control of Vietnam until the Japanese invaded during†¦ The war in Vietnam lasted for nearly 10 years and took a toll on both the American and Vietnamese people. The war in Vietnam produced large numbers of casualties and a rapid loss of support from the American people. The American leadership, both in Washington D.C. and on the ground had a lot of responsibility for the outcome. This is a piece of history that we don’t want to repeat in the future. This paper will prove that the Vietnam War was almost impossible to win and caused great loss and suffering†¦

Disagree with China will Become a Democracy within 10-15 Years Speech or Presentation

Disagree with China will Become a Democracy within 10-15 Years - Speech or Presentation Example To have a literal meaning of the phenomenon, we might say that the word democracy entails two connotations. Firstly, it means implementation of a political idea that the government should be by the people and for the people (Mosley, pp.5, 2003). Second definition is rather difficult to implement. It means that despite all the distinctive ideas and interest of the subjects, implementation of things contends all kinds of ‘people’. In reality, this is undoubtedly not possible (Mosley, pp.5-6, 2003) Giving a thorough analysis to the phenomenon of democracy and the theories of democratization, we come to realize that democracy is something when the individual comes to realize his basic rights to think and feel free to express the same (Zhao, pp.9, 1998). Precisely, it means to have an opinion without any form of influence and suppression. Moreover, in a broader perspective, it means to follow an election procedure though which a consensus is created upon the election of a par ticular leader. However, in an otherwise case, the people with feudal mindsets have a selection process and the position and title are shared and passed on to the same family members. Following are some of the major points endorsing the fact that China cannot achieve democracy in the next ten years or so: As it is, democracy starts with speaking about the truth publicly and having your voice heard by others. This job is foremost performed the media practitioners or journalists who act as a watchdog to expose the injustice or wrongdoings of the state and the lawmakers. However, seeing China’s situation we can evidently make a thorough analysis of the fact that Chinese journalism never received freedom to any extent. In the mid-1980s, for the first time Chinese journalists thought to register their collective voice to the government to give them rights to speak the truth so that the countrywide corruption that has taken an official form could be suppressed (Zhao, pp.1-2, 1998). On the contrary, not only was their movement not heard but also they faced violent circumstances and torture and the streets of Beijing that turned into bloodshed in 1989 is a clear-cut example of this. Speaking about the same restrictions over press, it is notable to mention that when America’s Newsweek magazine used to come to China, articles and stories that reported China’s internal situation, either political or social, were torn out so that none of the citizen could have access to what is going on within the bureaucracy (Zhao, pp.2-4, 1998). The major hold of the Communist Party over China, nevertheless, keeps on boosting about their governance and wants to endorse that media is working as their mouthpiece while secretly suppressing them. In short, Chinese media willingly or unwillingly works to cater to the increasing demands of its authoritarian rulers to propagate their ideas and instill the doctrines that they want their subjects to follow. Secondly, the cen tralization of power in China is the result of once decentralized China a few decades ago, that becomes one more reason for the country not able to make itself democratic in the next few years. In 1978, China’s economic reforms began to take place that started from the rural areas and expanded to urban areas. It all started with private trading of farming and agricultural products in the countryside and then taking alongside the urban businesses with more production with the help

Changing the Education Paradigm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Changing the Education Paradigm - Essay Example The essay "Changing the Education Paradigm" talks about the purpose of education in general and as a way to master the challenges of society and get ahead in life. The noble purpose of education is to enable the individual to acquire needed skills and knowledge to muster the resources needed to make critical thinking possible, and from there effect desired changes in society. This is the lofty aim wherein an individual becomes empowered to greatly improve life for everybody. It is the main idea of famed educator John Dewey, who argued education should be used to help improve human nature, to raise human consciousness, to uphold moral values, and to infuse ethical behavior and thinking of all educated people. There is a need to restore real education again as an integral part of learning about life skills and competencies, not limited to acquiring skills to get a job. Real education prepares the person to face life and be able to enjoy it to the fullest. It is not the mere memorization of books and articles; rather, it should provide an understanding of what goes on in the larger real world. To be educated is to be imbued with those ideas and concepts which elevate the person into a real human being able to engage society in a meaningful way, get along in the world and give a good account of oneself. As Spayde somewhat put it succinctly, it should be much more than the â€Å"obligatory filling of our heads† with facts and figures which are oftentimes meaningless in the grander sweep of life. (Spayde 69), but education must not be limited only to the four corners of the classroom; rather, it should be the whole world, instead, made into a classroom, in a figurative sense. What Spayde meant to say was formal education in an academic setting should also be supplemented by informal schooling, in terms of real-life experiences, in which life-lon g lessons are learned and allow the student to distinguish the more important things in life. It will enable him to become a much more improved person able to tackle the challenges in life. A lot of distinguished Americans were essentially self-taught, and this includes Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Edison, and Mark Twain. These people did not limit their own education to what the classroom can offer, but supplemented their truncated academic schooling with their search for knowledge by living life to the fullest and did not confine their search to what was offered only in schools; in essence, the world became their giant classroom. As an example, Mark Twain quit school early and did not finish high school, and yet he educated himself by becoming a river pilot on the Mississippi River, met a lot of people, got to observe human behaviors and human nature, and became a self-taught expert on many topics concerning the Mississippi (Gribben 1). His frequent travels made for a real education, and his knowledge of the Mississippi is better than most people’s; he could cite facts about its geography, river basin (delta), soil fertility, and size from his prodigious memory (Twain 8). He ended up better educated

How the Interplay Between Two Different Perspectives Essay Example for Free

How the Interplay Between Two Different Perspectives Essay Explain how the interplay between two different perspectives on characters and situations found in two of Lawson’s stories set for study and one other related text of your own choosing highlights the distinctly visual. In Henry Lawson’s stories, the â€Å"Drover’s Wife† and â€Å"The Loaded Dog†, and in Wilfred Owens’s â€Å"The Last Laugh†, the different perspectives on characters and situations interplay to give the audience a story through which they are caught up. Through the use of alliteration, some metaphors and similes, as well as onomatopoeia and personification, Lawson and Owens give their audience a feeling of the distinctly visual. Both authors convey distinctive experiences through different ways. Lawson describes scenes to the audience in such detail that he makes it possible for the readers to place themselves in the particular situation he is creating, even if they have never had that experience. This technique helps to link the reader with that specific feeling. An example is in â€Å"The Drover’s Wife†, the quote â€Å"It must be near daylight†. This brings the audience to the present situation, after they are lost in the past memories of the woman, using the perspective of the woman. The views of the characters are depicted through the eyes of the wife. The characters are those whom she interacts with, such as her children, the dog, the swagman, and to an extent, her own husband. The situation is there being a snake stuck in their house, and she is scared yet brave enough to kill it and prevent it killing her children. One example would be â€Å"Close and hot†. Using the sense of touch, it makes the reader feel like they are breathless, cut off, with no sense of space, being over-heated due to the sense of being worried and tense. â€Å"Suddenly† brings a break and a height in the tension. The speed and length of this sentence contrasts with others like â€Å"a thrill runs through his body†. In the â€Å"Loaded Dog†, it is evident that Lawson uses an abundance of dry humour, as well as sarcasm. The view of the characters the story gives us is that of three men and a dog. In this story, the situation is that of the dog getting a hold of a bomb cartridge, and nearly killing them. The quote â€Å"It was very good blasting powder† changes the mood of the situation as it is the breaking point of the tension. It is a lead-up from the dog sniffing the cartridge. The use of dry and sarcastic humour helps to provide the audience with a view-point of the action taking place. It gives it a humorous undertone in order to help the audience adjust better and not feel as shocked, when the re-tell of the explosion takes place. In the â€Å"Last Laugh†, Wilfred Owen uses character views to give his opinion on war- its injustices and sadness. He states that it is in fact the weapons that have the last laugh. The situation is World War 1, and how there are many young men, excited about war who go to fight, and end up dead, their lives wasted. Owen uses mainly personification, where upon he depicts the human qualities and attributes of the guns. Using words such as â€Å"guffawed†, â€Å"chirped† and â€Å"chuckled†, he communicates to the audience the mockery the guns are making of the men, as they die. â€Å"Mother, mother, Dad! † gives the reader the horrific image of a young man, almost a boy, dying uselessly on the battlefield, and never having the chance to experience life. This communicates to the audience the distinctly visual as, with the â€Å"Drover’s Wife† and â€Å"Loaded Dog† , it gives the responder the mental image of the events happening in the poem. The relationship between the view and the situation help to give the audience a clearer image of what Lawson and Owens are trying to depict, or communicate. In other words, this emphasizes the distinctly visual as the author, interplaying the view and situations, passes on a mental image of the scene being set. Owens and Lawson succeed in depicting sharp, and clear, images to the audience through the use of character views, situations and various techniques. This is turn gives the audience a distinctively visual experience.

Delmar The Spy That Got Away Essay -- manhattan project, george coval,

INTRODUCTION This research paper is about the Soviet spy, George Koval, codename DELMAR who penetrated the Manhattan Project. The purpose of this research paper is to identify lessons learned based on George Koval’s activities with the Manhattan Project and not repeat the same Counterintelligence failures in the future. George Koval managed to elude capture and operate virtually unsuspected for the entire length of his espionage career against the U.S. and so little is known about him. Analysis of his activities should prove to be extremely valuable to the intelligence community. BACKGROUND On Christmas day in December 1913, in Sioux City, Iowa, George Koval was born to a family of Jewish immigrants from Belarus, then part of the Soviet Union. George Koval’s father, Abraham was a carpenter and his mother, Ethel Koval was a convert to Socialism. George Koval’s parents maintained correspondence with members of their extended family in the Soviet Union. In the 1920s, they got involved with an American society to help with the resettlement of Jews in the Soviet Union, a Communist organization. This organization was called Idishe Kolonizatzie in Sovetn Farband (IKOR). Since 1928, IKOR’s main focus had been Jewish resettlement in Birobidzhan, a city near the border of Manchuria that Stalin promoted as a secular Jewish homeland. Abraham Koval was the secretary of the Sioux City IKOR branch in the 1920s. The Koval family held strong Communist beliefs that were instilled in George Koval from an early age. While attending high school at Central High School, known locally as the castle on the hill in Sioux City, Iowa, George Koval joined the Young Communist League, and in August 1930 was its delegate to the Iowa co... ...ded over to the GRU (military intelligence) Museum the Gold Star medal and Hero of Russia certificate and document bestowed on Soviet intelligence officer George Koval". Kremlin.ru. President of Russia. Retrieved 2009-06-20. Srebrnik, Henry (2001). Gennady Estraikh; Mikhail Krutikov, â€Å"Yiddish and the Left Diaspora, Ethnicity and Dreams of Nationhood: North American Jewish Communists and the Soviet Birobidzhan Project† Oxford: Legenda Press. Walsh, Michael (May 2009). "George Koval: Atomic Spy Unmasked". Smithsonian. Nora Levin, 1988, vol. 1. â€Å"The Jews in the Soviet Union Since 1917†. Cited from George Koval FBI investigative file, in Andrey Shitov, Op. Cit. Vladimir Lota, Red Star, July 25, 2007 â€Å"His Name Was Delmar†. https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/cias-analysis-of-the-soviet-union-1947-1991/

Inventory Proposal Wal-Mart

Every company, no matter the size deals with inventory issues. How these issues are dealt with can determine the outcome of the company. If not done in a rectifiable fashion, the company could face serious threats up to and including closure. We chose Wal-Mart as our company from our last paper, as it proposes an interesting dilemma in that despite the continued growth, all is not well with Sam Walton’s creation. This paper will discuss the inventory problems, the expected benefits that may or may not motivate the organization for change and our assessment for an alternative solution. Wal-Mart is growing at a blistering pace adding nearly 500 stores in the past five years a 13% increase, but during this time period Wal-Mart has reduced its employee count by roughly 20,000. This has had a serious impact on the inventory. Bloomberg published an article that states that although Wal-Mart has one of the best supply chains in the world, without staffing that chain breaks down. The company does not have enough workers to help stock inventory on shelves, or distribute the inventory to stores. Customers either find stores looking disorganized and unkept, or simply find an empty shelf with no product (Flannelly, 2013). A leak reported to Bloomberg said Bill Simon, the executive vice president and chief executive officer for Wal-Mart’s United States operation stated during an executive officers meeting that the company has inventory problems. â€Å"We run out quickly and the new stuff doesn’t come in, â€Å"he stated, noting that these â€Å"self-inflicted wounds† were Wal-Mart’s â€Å"biggest risk. † (Foley, 2013) The issue is the amount of inventory that the current employees can stock is far less than is required to maintain adequate merchandise levels. A store may have inventory in the back, but if it is not seen by the customer, the store is considered to be out of stock. This poses two major problems for Wal-Mart. The main problem is that this lack of stock is costing Wal-Mart billions in sales and is essentially leading customers to competitors. More competitors, like Target and Costco, have gained some of the market share away from Wal-Mart; it seems as though maintaining good, well-stocked, exceptionally operated stores needs to become a priority for the company (Flannelly, 2013). Another major issue with this problem is that inventory sitting in the back depreciates and every hour it sits is like a leaking faucet. Not only is the product sitting and depreciating, there are higher possibilities that the product might be damaged, expire, or simply lose its market value. Adding insult to injury, customer satisfaction continues to decrease. Due to the lack of workforce Wal-Mart has remained in last place on the American Customer Satisfaction Index for the past six years. Those are staggering numbers considering that Wal-Mart is the number one retailer in the world. If this problem is not rectified, Wal-Mart and its world renowned inventory system will be six feet under. Shows a steady increase in inventory, due either to the increase in locations or The lack of adequate employees to stock merchandise. The graph above indicates that Wal-Mart has the most inventory during the months of October, November, and December. This is probably due to the increase in sales during black Friday and Christmas. This also indicates that the amount of inventory during the third quarter is significantly lower than the rest of the year. Gives a more definitive look at the highs and lows in regards to inventory by quarter. Utilizes linear regression to forecast future inventory during any given quarter. The above graphs show inventory to sales over the last three years. We found that although Wal-Mart continues to grow, their sales could be higher. Each year there is a decrease when comparing it directly to inventory. Between 2011 and 2012 the Sales difference was 6% and only 5% between 2012 and 2013. Inventory also has a dip showing an 11% increase between 2011 and 2012 but drops down to 6% between 2012 and 2013. The reason is rather simple. If inventory does not make it to the floor, sales will decrease. As inventory continues to sit, Wal-Mart is essentially bleeding out. Obviously the correct action would be to hire the needed employees to correct this problem, but the costs may be too high to do all at once, not to mention, Wal-Mart feels no need to do such. Our alternative solution would be to hire in increments and implement specialized training that specifically focuses on turning the inventory. All new employees should become subject matter specialist and the training must be repeated throughout the nation (White C. , 2013). While inventory is not the issue, it has become the equation of cause and effect. This must be a priority as the inventory is the life blood of the company. No blood, No business.

Is greater life expectancy always desirable? Essay

The quest for the elixir of life has been going on throughout history. In every civilisation, there are myths which depict heroes and heroines who live long lives, some even forever. There is also recorded history of men and women, called alchemists, who experimented to discover means by which people could live forever; or at least for very long times. Mod ¬em medicine too aims to prolong lives – often even of very sick per ¬sons with no hope of recovery from their ailments. In fact, one of the signs of a progressive nation is when its statistics show that its popula ¬tions has a high life expectancy; that is that they can live longer than their forefathers. The longer the life expectancy of a nation; the better that nation. All these show that it is in the human consciousness to want to live for a long period of time. The question now is whether this is always desirable. Seen in the light of the individual, longer life expectancy certainly seems desirable. Almost everyone would like to live and enjoy life longer. Hu ¬mans have generally shown a reluctance to die and leave this beautiful world and their loved ones. This is in the survival spirit with which every person seems to be born. Almost all of us want to prolong our lives and live as long as we can. However, there is a condition to this. We also want to live well. If we are in dire economic consequences or incurably ill or in great suffering, we would not want to live too long, as doing so will prolong the difficulty and pain. If with greater life expectancy comes greater health, it would be a good thing. Suppose a person can be made healthy till the day he dies, then he will not be dependent on anyone and greater life expectancy would be most welcome. Usually, we say that life expectancy has increased, in a society, with reference to statistics. These are likely to be simple and just show that over a number of years, people are now living longer. There is usually no reflection about the quality of life that has been lived by the people who now live longer. The statistics show an average without saying which of the people who have lived longer have lived disease-free lives and which have lived lives of comfort and happiness. It is possible that some of the people who have lived longer lives have actually lived miserably in retirement homes where the doctors have tried their best to make sure that the retirees  live as long as possible. If by longer life expectation we mean that people live longer, but with no improvement in the quality of their lives, then it would be much better if we do not have a longer life expectancy. In such cases, longer life expectancy would be undesirable. It would be better to live shorter but happier l ives than have one’s life prolonged, to suffer and die slow, lingering and painful deaths. Another consideration about greater life expectancy is about the effect it would have on society. Unless longer life expectancy also brings about with it greater health, there is going to be chaos. If people live longer, it could mean that it would take them longer to live out their old age. This means dependence on the younger population. The younger and health ¬ier generation, or indirectly the state, has to support the older. In fact, there have been forecasts that as time goes on there will be more old people in proportion to the younger. If this is a consequence of greater life expectancy, it will place a strain on the younger people as they would have to look after their parents and grandparents while they themselves struggle to make a living. The final thing to consider is whether there will be overpopulation if there is greater life expectancy. It is easy to see that the earth’s resourc ¬es are not limitless. There may come a time when there are too many people in the world to be able to survive. On the other hand we cannot rule out the possibility of earth colonies on the moon and perhaps even other planets. This seems to be a possibility in a century. In conclusion, though it is apparent that greater life expectancy is a good thing, there are certain conditions that should go with it. The most important thing is the ability of the people to live longer lives indepen ¬dently. There is also the consideration of the earth being able to support the larger number of people living on it. References Coale, A.J. 2003. â€Å"Increases in expectation of life and population growth.† Population and Development Review, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 113-20. Riley, J.C. 2001. Rising Life Expectancy: A Global History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.. White, K.M. 2002. â€Å"Longevity advances in high-income countries, 1955-96.† Population and Development Review, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 59-76. Wilmoth, J.R. 1998. â€Å"The future of human longevity: A demographer’s perspective.† Science, No. 280, pp. 395-97.

An Everything Bagel World Professor Ramos Blog

An Everything Bagel World I grew up in Southern California and describe it as a â€Å"everything bagel state,† it has different colors of people, different beliefs, and different sexual orientations, we have a little bit of everything. It was easy for me to except that we were all different, this is all I knew. At a Young age, around 6 or 7 I learned that sometimes guys like other guys and girls like other girls, â€Å"gay† and â€Å"lesbian†. This was something I didn’t put too much thought into, I just thought everyone likes what they like and that’s just how the world goes. Obviously, as I got older, I learned that some people don’t accept it as easily as I do. When I was about 20 years old, I received a phone call from my very close cousin whom I grew up with and was like a brother to be me. He told me â€Å"I love you, I wanted to tell you that I’m gay and I have a boyfriend. I don’t want you to think any different about me, I’m still your same cousin.† He started crying. I did not want him to feel bad, ashamed or embarrassed about being gay, that was who he was. So, right after, I said, â€Å"I had a feeling that you were! And I love you no matter what! He wasn’t that surprised that I knew, we are very close. He kept crying and said he told his Mom and his step-dad, and they were taking it really hard. His mom was sad about it and his step-dad thought it’s horrible that he likes guys and is something that he is not going to accept. Along with that, some of his best friends that he grew up with were shocked and had deleted him on social media and stopped talking to him. I could tell by his voice that It was killing him to have this kind of reaction from people that he was close to and loved. I told him that he was a great person and if his friends dont want to be friends with him than its their loss, this is who you are, if they stop talking to you because of this, they are not your true friends. Your mom and dad, on the other hand will hopefully get it, they probably just need time to process everything. I wanted to do everything in my power to let him know that there was nothing wrong with him or his feelings, and that he had someone to be there and accept him for him. That weekend I visited my cousin to show support, to let him be open about being gay and not have to hide it anymore while being around someone, especially family. I couldn’t imagine having to hide who you are from your loved ones, or really anyone. So it was a big deal that I made him comfortable in his own skin. We talked for hours about when he first started noticing he liked guys, his first â€Å"real† crush. I asked him about his boyfriend, and asked him if he was cute, we both laughed. I asked him normal questions that anyone would ask someone about a boyfriend or girlfriend. I told him I would love to be the first to meet him. I could tell that made him happy. Soon after, I met his boyfriend who was extremely nice, and I noticed right off the bat that he was perfect for my cousin. Around that time there was a family event, but my cousin couldn’t make it. I saw my Aunt (his mom), and she said â€Å"Im sure you heard about your cousin† in a disappointed way. The way she said it honestly bugged the CRAP out of me. So with a huge smile on my face I said, â€Å"Yes! I did, and I met his boyfriend, he was so nice, they’re such a cute couple.† She had a slightly shocked look on her face because she had no idea that I had met him, or what I would think about it all. I wanted her to know that there was someone who thinks that there is absolutely nothing wrong with it and maybe it would sort of change her outlook. She told me about the hard time that she was having with it, I told her I understand, that was her little boy, but he seems really happy. And that was all I was really going to say about it. It wasn’t my place to try to convince her. His step-dad overheard us talking and said â€Å"I just I dont want to see it around me.â₠¬  There was really nothing I could say, that was how he felt and like I said, it wasn’t really my place. Time moved forward, about a year, mostly everyone accepted the fact he was gay including   his step-dad. See, his step-dad was black, and his mom was white. He told my cousin that there was a time where people didn’t accept them being together, and he didn’t want to do the same to him. His mom   became very close to his boyfriend. They both came to Christmas parties and other family events, and it became normal to everyone else, which made my cousin finally feel comfortable. A wedding ,on a beach, with our significant others, on a beautiful sunny afternoon, , with an amazing   bright red sunset sounds like a dream wedding to a lot of us.. This wedding was my cousins, he was as happy as could be. Our whole family sitting there watching was the greatest thing that he could’ve asked for. The reception was at a campground where everyone had their tents, we barbecued, played games, it was a â€Å"them† kind of ceremony. That night we briefly separated from the party and sat on the cliffs, watching the moon reflect off of the ocean. He thanked me for being there for him from the start, and that, that’s what he needed, was someone to be there for him. I told him I loved him I am happy that he is happy. Everyone is different, this whole world is and Everything Bagel, there are people going through different experiences then we are, that are trying to accept themselves and having other people accept them. Some of the time you see others putting people down, judging them and making them feel bad. Ive learned that being there for someone while they are going through a difficult time, just might be the best thing you could do for someone, because it is totally okay to be different.

Project Management 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Project Management 4 - Essay Example The seventh element involves determining those people who will be used to deliver the message to the intended audience. The eighth element focuses at computation of funds that might be needed to ensure that there is proper implementation of the project plan. The final element involves evaluation of the communication plan to see if the goals and objectives have been realized (United Nations, 2007). The major audience to be involved in the communication plan includes evaluators who may help to assess the effectiveness of communication plan. Some of the information shared with this audience are message to be channeled, communication channels to be used and as amount of financial required to channel the message. The mechanism to be used in pussing urgent information includes online channels. For example emails’ and phone calls while less urgent and useful information may be passed via letters (Mobley, 2005). In addition, the information between employees and organization will be shared on daily basis to ensure smooth learning of the organization. In case the communication turns not to be ineffective the message may be adjusted. In addition, a different channel may be utilized. Some of the technologies that may be used include utilization of organization website, smart phones to mention just but a few. Finally, communication becomes an ethical/legal issue at a point where s ecurity and privacy of the information passed must be observed (Taylor & Dow,

The Evolution of Women in Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Evolution of Women in Film - Essay Example From the beginning, cinema has been considered as a medium of men. Women were always given less important roles and were not an integral part of cinema. Though we have women in a top management position in almost all fields in film industry we have only 6% women directors in the whole world and in America it is only 7%. This article aims to study the role of women in the film industry on both sides of a camera through years. Several powerful women film producers like, Alice Guy Blache and Eva Le Gallienne, a producer, actress, and director during the 20th century have played a vital role in the history of films. June Mathis was a prominent screenwriter and producer during the period. During 1930’s Dorothy Arzner was the only women director to make hits. In 50’s Shirley Clarke from America and Joyce Wieland directed several experimental films. It was during 1960’s that feminist films began. Most successful was ‘Wanda’, a portrait of alienation by Barbara Loden. Directors like Barbara Hammer tried to visualize female sexuality from a women's' point of view. Even with such eminent artists an Academy award or an Oscar or a Directors Guild's top honor was never awarded to a woman director or a women cinematographer 2. Even with so many renowned women directors, only 7% directors of Britain are women. Today women are more prominent on both sides of the camera. Even from Iran, there are about 11 women film directors3. Works of these women are shown at almost all film festivals like Cannes, but only a few are awarded or even recognized.

A comparative study of IVF (in vetro fertilization) Essay

A comparative study of IVF (in vetro fertilization) - Essay Example Therefore, due to the high scientific relevance for human beings, this topic of study has been chosen. It has been a fact in the US and other countries that there has been an increase in the infertility rates. Especially, there are almost zero chances of women getting pregnant in their late 30s and 40s. IVF acts as a problem solver to almost around 90% of such cases. The procedures that are incorporated in the IVF treatment, the benefits associated with such a treatment which eventually results in a healthy mother and baby. The minimum specification of this treatment is getting a healthy baby. Kiplinger’s Personal finance March 1989 issue, â€Å"Changing times: The American dream† discussing about the IVF technique says â€Å"IVF is most effective in surmounting tubal problems, endometriosis or sperm scarcity† The American Dream. Changing Times: Kiplinger’s Guide. 1989. Web. 31 January 2012. In this issue the author talks about the IVF technology and in which cases this should be used. The author also states that IVF should be the last option that should be tested and all other options should be tried and used before going for IVF. â€Å"IVF is the process of combining an egg and sperm not in the body, but in a laboratory dish. When the IVF procedure is successful, the process is continued with a procedure known as embryo transfer, which physically places embryo in the uterus† Barbados Fertility Center. Healthy Travel Media. 2010. Web. 31 January 2012. In this book the author talks about the procedures involved in the IVF technology and how an IVF process could be assumed to be successful or not. This book also discusses the costs and expenses associated

It's Beginning to Hurt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

It's Beginning to Hurt - Essay Example Having romantic relationship with several women is seen as the work of the devil, in Christianity. Stewart, the travel writer, is a happy family man, with a happy wife. Happiness in the family is key virtue, and hence supported by religions. The story illustrates the nature of opposite sex relationships (James 35). This relationship is usually sexually and hence immoral. Seduction, as illustrated in the story, encourages the evil act which in Christianity is the aim of the devil. The two characters in the story are aware of the morals of each other; however, they ignore the negative aspects of the morals. Turning a blind eye to the deeds of an individual is viewed as sin in Faustian bargain. And the negative act is favored by the devil. The Half Sister illustrates an individual who is not happy with himself and the world. He believes that he is a total failure in all aspects of the world. Plans are organized to make him marry an ugly woman (James 47). Marriage is always considered a gift; but the author illustrates the negative side of that gift, which is an ugly woman for a wife. This is the negative aspect of the

Idea Expression Dichotomy UK

Idea Expression Dichotomy UK Copyright law goes beyond protecting just a verbatim copy and delves on a scheme of arrangement. Therefore copyright law acknowledges not only the form in which the author expressed the ideas but also the content of the ideas to a certain extent. In essence, since copyright law goes beyond the consideration of verbatim copies the usage of any element of the work could constitute a copyright infringement. This gives rise to the problem of demarcating a line between the unprotected idea protected expression since copyright infringement could exist for taking the substance without copying the form. Ideas are human conceptions that have been represented. They are not abstract conceptions that exist independent of a thought process  [3]  . The process of thinking of an idea involves giving it expression. Therefore, ideas are human conceptions and cannot exist independently of a way of conceptualizing i.e. essentially the expression. In essence there are no expressionless ideas. There fore the idea expression dichotomy lives upto its name of being the central axiom of copyright law in determining what is copyrightable. The limitation that has been imposed by law on copyrightable materials is copyrightability of ideas. Therefore this limits the elements which can be copyrightable but yet does not provide a workable solution for the dichotomy. The perimeters of the encroachment inevitably vary because the interpretation of the idea-expression dichotomy in the legal order at any given time is essentially a reflection of shifting political choices in a particular jurisdiction and era about what should be able to be privately owned and what should be kept in the public domain  [4]   Though the content behind something can be similar the means and ways of expressing it are completely different as are the modes of receiving the expression. As an illustration, Shakespeares way of characterizing a scene and any other authors way of depicting a scene would be clearly different even though the subject matter of characterization would be different. Therefore by virtue of this paper the researcher seeks to analyze the idea expression dichotomy as well as provide for a justification and a working critique to the same. The courts have never been clear to differentiate the concept of unprotected ideas from protected expressions and hence forth would go into the aspect as well. An excurses into the history of the origin of this difference will be constructed and thence an analysis of Indian Law on the subject. History Origin of the Doctrine The history of Copyright though began with the invention of the Gutenberg printing press and the passing of the Statute of Anne in 1710. The Statute of Anne was bought into play for the encouragement of learning, by vesting the copies of printed books in the authors. Therefore, it can be said that first attempt at passing a copyright legislation recognized the fact that there would protection of only expressions that have been put forth in the books of the authors. But this legislation cannot be squarely called a copyright legislation. The courts show a more interesting history that can be discerned through two different eras of judicial pronouncements. The history of copyright law has occurred in the jurisdictions of the United Kingdom and United States, where the legal principles were settled. India, in recognizing the need for a separate copyright law has agreed on the basic principles  [5]  which have been embodied in the United States, United Kingdom Laws and the International Agreements on copyright  [6]  . The idea-expression dichotomy as it stands envisages the freedom of the existence of ideas in the public domain as it involves dissemination of knowledge and therefore the encouragement of learning. This assertion has been seen to have been existing from the times of ancient Rome where Seneca had stated that ideas are common property and therefore cannot be protected  [7]  . In the case of Millar v. Taylor  [8]  wherein Judge Yates gave the dissenting opinion, stated clearly that the protection that was guaranteed under copyright laws was to print a set of intellectual ideas or modes of thinking or set of works. Therefore by not referring to a fixated material form the inevitable conclusion that forms is the fact that the dichotomy existed but as an abstraction. Another factor that is important to be seen is that there was the absence of patent law and therefore there would be no overlapping of rights of novelty or idea in such a case. This distinction that was created in a d issenting opinion was further diluted by the case of Emerson v. Davies  [9]  wherein it was stated precisely that there would be copyright in a plan, arrangement and combination of materials for an author and in his mode of illustrating his subject if it is novel. Therefore, the added criteria of novelty and the usage of words of arrangement and combination clearly dilutes the gap between idea and expression further. In the case of Lawrence v. Dana  [10]  the court said that the author of a book has as much right in the plan, arrangement and combination as he has in his thoughts sentiments and reflections. In this regard it is stated that there came a point in the history of copyright law wherein the dichotomy had been diluted and ideas were treated at par with expressions. The jurisprudence with regard to copyright law was set straight with the decisions of Burros-Giles Lithograph Company v. Sarony  [11]  and the origin of the doctrine was marked in the cases of Baker v. Selden  [12]  and Holmes v. Hurst  [13]  . In the cases mentioned above it was seen that the court clearly drew a distinction by making two categories for works i.e. un-protected art in protected work and protected work  [14]  . Therefore I can be said that though the court did not clearly differentiate between ideas and expressions, there is a clear distinction that can be discerned through the usage of the words unprotected art in a protected work which gives shape to the demarcation of the Dichotomy. This doctrine was given definite form and used in cases  [15]  after Holmes v. Hurst  [16]  where it was said that The right thus secured by the copyright act is not a right to the use of certain words, because they are the common property of the human race, and are as little susceptible of private appropriation as air or sunlight; nor is the right to ideas alone, since in the absence of means of communicating them they are of value to no one but the author The copyright dichotomy has spread across many jurisdictions, forming the fundamental axiom of copyright law in determining the copyrightability of a certain subject matter. Furthermore, it has served as an adjustment to accommodate Patent Law as well. There has since the origin of the theory been a debate over the justifiability of the doctrine. Justification for Copyright Theory The primary purpose of copyright law is to maintain the balance between provision of incentives to promote creative works on one hand and public interest on the other. The best possible manifestation of this statement is present in the United States Constitutions copyright clause which states à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries  [17]   Therefore, in essence, copyright law is aimed at promotion of creativity and dissemination of creative works so that the public can benefit from it  [18]  . To reach this goal the authors are given incentives to create by virtue rights such as the right to profit and control their work. But it must be kept in mind that right of one against another essentially involves the abstinence from a certain right for another. Therefore, the provision of exclusive rights over one work would constitute a barrier to any others from using the same in his/her work  [19]  . This would lead to the achieving of a self defeating purpose. It is conventional to suggest that literary imagination is not s volcano of pure imagination  [20]  . In this regard if the purpose of copyright law was to give the author of an expression, exclusive rights over the idea as well the balance of copyright law would tip over to private rights rather than public interest. In the case of Eichel v. Marcon  [21]   the New York circuit court set forth this proposition very artistically and said If an author, by originating a new arrangement and form of expression of certain ideas or conceptions, could withdraw these ideas or conceptions could withdraw these ideas or conceptions from the stock of materials to be used by other authors, each copyright would narrow the field thought open for development and exploitation, and science poetry, narrative and dramatic action as well as other branches of literature would be hindered by copyright instead of being promoted. Another factor which strongly provides for a justification is that though copyright law provides for incentives for creation, it undermines competition which usually marks the efficiency of the market. By virtue of making even ideas copyrightable, there would be an increase in the cost of provision subsequently simply due to the fact that the subsequent author would seek to offset the cost of the license to the public. The idea expression dichotomy in copyright law finds its justification in the Utilitarian school of thought. The utilitarian school of thought has justified the existence of copyright law so as to induce innovation and intellectual productivity. The utilitarian thought, with their strong belief in, the greater good of the greater number, advocate the conferment of rights in order to strike a balance between the economic interests of right-holders and the greater interest of the public  [22]  . It has been set forth that utilitarian theorists argue that limited monopolies spur innovation, and in order to foster innovation the system must recognize exclusive rights in intellectual creationsrights which are limited in duration and scope  [23]  . The Idea/expression dichotomy seeks to provide for such a balance. By limiting the scope of giving rights to the expressions only, copyright law seeks to provide for the greater good which is the dissemination of ideas. By keeping ideas in the public domain and thereby giving public access on one hand to copyrighting expressions to provide incentive the goal of copyright law which is to promote creativity is achieved. In essence the Idea expression dichotomy imposes a limitation upon copyright law for the greater good  [24]  . In a situation where the ideas were also copyrightable the public access to such would be difficult leading to derogation of arts sciences and literature. Another factor that seeks to provide justification for this dichotomy is the Lockean labour theory. The theory has been used in many instances without regard to the proviso contained therein. The Lockean labor theory in brevity states that the laborer is entitled to the products of her labour, provided that there is enough, and as good, left in common for others  [25]  . This essentially again seeks to suggest a limitation of the exclusive right that is conferred by copyright. Moreover, it is asserted that there is reference to leaving ideas in the public domain by suggesting that enough as good is left in common. Therefore, the statement in short seeks to provide a justification to provide protection for applying labour to the abstraction (idea) which exists in public domain to give it a definitive form whereas exempting the idea (abstraction) itself. Therefore, copyright theory clearly provides for the distinct treatment of ideas from expressions in terms for what is to be copyrighted. This differential treatment therefore transforms into a distinction between copyrightable works and non-copyrightable works. Theoretically speaking copyright does elicit a dichotomy but the said dichotomy has been said to be troubled in light of the absence of any line demarcating an idea from an expression The problems shrouding the dichotomy : Criticisms It is set forth at the very outset that if the law of copyright does not or cannot effectively separate ideas from expressions, then it cannot be persuasively argued that ideas are not controlled by the law of copyright and thereby removed from free circulation in the public sphere  [26]  . The history of copyright law has viewed ideas and expressions as two different categories and has therefore made a line to distinguish the same. There have been many problems that arose in the past century with regards this distinction and its theory but this distinction has been retained. A district court in New York in the case of Steinburg v. Columbia Pictures Indus  [27]  explained the retention of this imprecise doctrine to be a result of no other better alternative. Ideas are human conceptions that have been represented. They are not abstract conceptions that exist independently waiting to be thought. The process of thinking of an idea involves giving it expression. Therefore, ideas are human conceptions and cannot exist independently of a way of conceptualizing i.e. essentially the expression. An idea is the substance of a writing whereas the expression is the form. The substance shapes the form and the form shapes the substance. Hence both cannot exist independently and have a complementary relationship. In essence what is implied is that there are no expressionless ideas. Therefore ideas never exist independently of an expression since the only way to conceptualize an idea is an expression. Though law creates a fictionary line between ideas and expression but in essence there can be no unexpressionless ideas  [28]  . Law in essences views ideas as abstractions or generalities and therefore distinct from expressions which are fixed in a me dium  [29]  . Though there have been many judicial pronouncements upon the existence of the dichotomy, but yet none of the courts have coherently put forth the definition and scope of idea or expression or the demarcating line between the two  [30]  . The dichotomy has been signified in many cases as ideas behind expressions  [31]   or underlying ideas  [32]  , but have neither gone onto clearly distinguishing the difference nor provided conceptual clarity with respect to the terms. Furthermore, the variety of terminologies that have been used seeks to provide a lack of clarity in this field. At the outset the creation of this demarcation involves a number of implications. Firstly, it has been asserted that upon scrutiny of a certain work there can be a number of ideas that are ascertained at different levels  [33]  . Therefore in the absence of any coherent definition and scope of idea or expression there would essentially be an imposition of a courts own value judgments  [34]  in answering the question of what is a idea or expression. Indian Courts have also seen the imposition of such a value judgment, specifically in the case of NRI Film Production Associates v. Twentieth Century Fox Anr  [35]  wherein it was alleged that the Hollywood production Independence Day was a copy of the film Extra-Terrestrial Mission. The court it was seen pronounced upon the point on infringement and while doing so imposed its own value judgments around the movie and came to the conclusion that there was no uniqueness regarding the same. Though it was seen in the case that the counsel for the applicants had vehemently agitated upon various novel conceptualizations but the court nevertheless found a distinction in the manner in which the script had been posed. Secondly the problem that is posed is that copyright recognizes infringement not only when there is a verbatim copy of the concept at hand but also when there is copy of the scheme of arrangement  [36]  . In this regard it is asserted that a writings idea has a great bearing upon the scheme of arrangement and other similarly placed matters. But, the judicial fiction of the Idea/expression dichotomy essentially groups the scheme and arrangement within the domain of an expression and consequently creating a conflict in the paradigm of the dichotomy. The courts essentially by virtue of this distinction have created two categories under ideas i.e. to say ideas that are un-protectable due to being abstractions and ideas that are protectable due to having a direct relation with the expression of the idea. Therefore it is concluded that there are inherent problems with the working of this dichotomy which is complex and intricate. The courts in their judgments have failed to define the abstractions (Ideas) and thereby differentiate ideas from expressions with the needed clarity so as to provide for a coherent judicial fiction. The Dichotomy in the Indian Copyright Act 1957 The Indian Copyright act has been established after the realization of the need of a new copyright law to replace the existing copyright law enacted by the British. It was felt that the Copyright Act of 1911 which was bought into application into the Indian Jurisdiction with adaptation as the Indian Copyright Act of 1914  [37]  . Since there was a fundamental difference in this constitutional situation post independence the legislature decided to bring about the Indian Copyright Act, 1957  [38]  . The principles regarding copyright law were settled when bringing a law regarding the same as the legislative intention embodied in the Statement of Objects and Reasons clearly states the reliance upon the Berne Convention and the Universal Copyright Convention  [39]  . Furthermore, by reference to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.in light of the experience gained in the past forty years over the working of the act  [40]  it can be concluded that there is acceptance of the basic principles o f copyright law. The Indian Copyright Act does not contain any specific reference to the Idea/Expression Dichotomy but yet there is an implied recognition of the right. Section 13 sets forth the works in which copyright subsists and enumerates the following a) Literary, dramatic, musical and artistic work b) cinematograph films sound recordings. In this regard, to obtain clarity it will be expedient to look into the definition of all these types of works which have been provided under the Copyright Act as the subject matter of copyright. Artistic work has been defined under Section 2 (c) of the Indian Copyright Act  [41]  . In this regard if it is seen the nature of the section which is an inclusive and indicative definition shows central characteristics of being fixated and being concrete expressions of an artists creative edge. Furthermore, though the definition of Literary work provided in Section 2 (0) of the act eludes a specific form  [42]  , reference can be made to the definition of Literary Work as under the Berne Convention on Copyright  [43]  , which clearly requires literary work and all allied works under the definition to be in form of an expression. Furthermore, the definition of dramatic and musical work which have been provided for under sections 2(h)  [44]  and 2 (p)  [45]  provide for the external manifestation of the idea by way of fixating it in a medium as well as through the requirement of being an arrangement or scheme which is capable of being discerned. Therefore in this regard it is asserted that the definition of the different types of works which are the subject matter of copyright under Indian Law clearly through the nature of the definition show that expressions are the only mode that is copyrightable and not ideas. This assertion can be justified with two points, firstly, the fact that the common characteristic running through all the types of works running above is that of a concrete fixated work. Secondly, all the illustrations mentioned in the definition clause clearly show another underlying scheme which is that there needs to be an arrangement of ideas and scheme of arrangement in the works that have been enumerated as the subject matter of copyright. Furthermore, the courts in India have identified the existence of the dichotomy and therefore not granted copyright to ideas  [46]  . There have been a plethora of authorities in this regard, but the settled position of law expressed by the Supreme Court has been in the case of R.G.Anand v. Delux Films  [47]  , the court clearly held that no copyright subsists in ideas, subject matter, themes, plots, legendary facts and only the original expression of such thought or information in some concrete form is protected  [48]  . This is because law does not recognize property rights in abstract ideas and does not accord the author or proprietor the protection of his ideas  [49]  . While pronouncing the judgment the Apex Court looked at various decision from U.S. and U.K like the case of Donoghue v. Allied Newspapers  [50]   This at any rate is clear, and one can start with this beyond all question that there is no copyright in an idea, or in ideas. If the idea, however brilliant and however clever it may be, is nothing more than an idea, and is not put into any form of words, or any form of expression such as a picture or a play, then there is no such thing as copyright at all. It is not until it is (If I may put it in that way) reduced into writing, or into some tangible form, that you get any right to copyright at all, and the copyright exists in the particular form of language in which, or, in the case of a picture, in the particular form of the picture by which, the information or the idea is conveyed to those who are intended to read it or look at it. The Supreme Court concluded by setting forth the law underlying copyright act by stating that the dichotomy did in fact exist. The court opined that an idea, principle, theme, or subject matter or historical or legendary facts being common property cannot be the subject matter of copyright of a particular person  [51]  . Therefore since the idea or the theme behind a work is not copyrightable, where the theme is the same but is presented and treated differently so that the subsequent work becomes a completely new work, no question of violation of copyright arises. Conclusion The Idea-Expression Dichotomy that exists as a fundamental principle of copyright law essentially seeks to protect the expressions and not the Ideas behind the expressions. The case for securing protection to the expressions as opposed to the ideas remains entrenched deeply in the theory of copyright law. The doctrine got definitive form in the case of Baker v. Selden  [52]  and thereafter was affirmed in later judgment of Holmes v. Hurst  [53]  . Notwithstanding the justifications for the dichotomy, there has been much debate about the efficacy of the doctrine. Since the aim of copyright law is to encourage learning by giving incentive, by copyrighting ideas the whole aim of giving incentives stands nullified. The authors novel thoughts can be taken and adapted by subsequent authors of works. But on the other hand the dichotomy serves a dual purpose i.e. to say it helps in distinguishing copyright law from patent law which essentially protects novelties and on the other hand serves public interest by allowing dissemination of ideas into the public domain. This doctrine has been adapted into Indian Law, though not expressly through the statutory provisions. The doctrine has been derived indirectly from the provisions of the act since it forms the basic principles underlying Copyright Law. The courts in a number of cases have reiterated this dichotomy and clearly said that expressions in the form of arrangement, schemes of arrangement etc are copyrightable.

Free Admissions Essay - Care for an Ethnically Diverse Population :: Medicine College Admissions Essays

Admissions Essay - Care for an Ethnically Diverse Population Crayfish tails in tarragon butter, galantine of rabbit with foie gras, oxtail in red wine, and apple tartelletes. The patient had this rich meal and complained of "liver upset" (crise de foie). Why a liver ache? I always associate indigestion with a stomach ache. In studying French culture in my Evolutionary Psychology class, I learned that when experiencing discomfort after a rich meal, the French assume their liver is the culprit. Understanding and dealing with the minor - sometimes major - cultural differences is a necessity in our shrinking world and diverse American society. Anthropology has prepared me to effectively communicate with an ethnically diverse population. My science classes, research, and clinical experience have prepared me to meet the demands of medical school. I first became aware of the valuable service that physicians provide when I observed my father, a surgeon, working in his office. I gained practical experience assisting him and his staff perform various procedures in his out-patient center. This exposure increased my admiration for the restorative, technological, and artistic aspects of surgery. I also saw that the application of medical knowledge was most effective when combined with compassion and empathy from the health care provider. While admiring my father's role as a head and neck surgeon helping people after severe accidents, I also found a way to help those suffering from debilitating ailments. Working as a certified physical trainer, I became aware of the powerful recuperative effects of exercise. I was able to apply this knowledge in the case of Sharon, a forty-three-year-old client suffering from lupus. she reported a 200% increase in her strength tests after I trained her. This meant she could once again perform simple tasks like carrying groceries into her house. Unfortunately, this glimpse of improvement was followed by a further deterioration in her condition. On one occasion, she broke down and cried about her declining health and growing fears. It was then that I learned no physical prowess or application of kinesiology would alleviate her pain. I helped reduce her anxiety with a comforting embrace. Compassion and understanding were the only remedies available, temporary though they were. To confirm that medicine is the best way for me to help others, I assisted a research team in the Emergency Room at University Medical Center (UMC).

Nokia †Internal Analysis Essay

Financial performance We start our internal analysis by looking at Nokia’s sales and profitability. Strong sales and profitability results can indicate that the previous strategies were successful and changes in either can implicate a change in the market viability (Aaker, Mcloughlin, 2007). In 2007, Nokia realized total sales of about 435 million units and a net profit of â‚ ¬7,205 million. Although it has only a market share of 9.8% in the United States market, Nokia has a worldwide market share of 37,8%. This makes Nokia the market leader in the telecom industry and hereby a dominant player in the market. Nokia has 10 manufacturing facilities in 9 countries, and from these locations she distributes her products to more than 150 countries and different segments. With sales growing considerably compared to 2006, Nokia’s large customer base has only increased. Assuming new customers will create loyalty, future earnings are brought in. However, growth in the industry is declining, making it a difficult task for Nokia to keep their customers with the company. In 2007, Nokia’s total assets were â‚ ¬35,599 million (annual report Nokia, 2007), resulting in a Return On Assets (ROA) of â‚ ¬7,205/â‚ ¬35,599 = 20.24%. Nonfinancial performance Financial performance measures are primarily a reflection of the short-term business results. Because of this, nonfinancial performance measures must also be considered. Nonfinancial performance measures often provide better measures of long-term business health (Aaker, Mcloughlin, 2007). Relative costs Since 2004, Nokia is offering cheaper phones for the emerging markets. By using her economies of scale, Nokia was able to lower her costs, resulting in an average building price of only 69 euros per handset. This was giving Nokia a dominant position because it was very difficult for Nokia’s rivals to keep up with this cost reduction. However, Nokia’s produces most of its production volume in high-wage countries, leading to considerable extra costs in the manufacturing process. Brand/firm associations Over the years, Nokia has created a strong brand by listening to her customers and understanding customer needs. Nokia is often associated with high quality phones and this isn’t going unnoticed. In 2011, Superbrands, the world’s leading independent arbiter of brands, declared Nokia the leading brand in China. And in 2010, Nokia won the Economic Times award for most trusted brand in India (Nokia.com). Effective marketing campaigns helped creating a strong brand Nokia nowadays is. Customer Satisfaction With sales increasing year by year, Nokia managed to create a large customer base which is expanding every year. Nokia produces a wide range of phones with great differences in price, design and features. Because of this, Nokia can offer products that suits different customers desires and keep every customer satisfied. New product activity Nokia is developing new products year by year. In 2007, Nokia improved her research and development department and introduced some mobile-related services and software. She also went in some partnerships with companies like Vodafone and Orange and integrated its Internet services under one brand, named Ovi. However, Nokia’s is really affected by her competitors bringing innovative products to the market. Products of companies like Apple and Samsung are far ahead of Nokia in some fields, which weakens Nokia’s position in the market. In an industry with a declining growth, it is very hard for Nokia to keep up with these innovations.