Essay --

In this novel the presentation of the father is depicted as a father protect his sons innocence. Its almost as if the piece of music is placed on this planet for one major purpose to protect and keep his son alive. The burnt man passage gives the reader an insight into a world that has absence of culture and civilization in the post-apocalyptic world that both the boy and man inhabit, the role of the boy and the father are further established for the reader and many of the techniques that become typical of McCarthys style in the novel. Structurally the burn down man scene is one of the horrific episodes that occur in the novel and it is the first to take place, foreshadowing, future horrific episodes that will take place subsequently on in the novel. This essay will be exploring these ideas in more depth looking closely at how the father and boy are portrayed in this part of the extract.The passage begins with a typical series of simple sentences describing the boy and the man. t hey went on the boy was crying. He kept looking back McCarthys style of writing mainly consist of short, clear an...

The Existential Progression of King Lear Essay -- King Lear Essays

The Existential Progression of King LearThe human condition is the scrutiny of art, Prince Hamlet notes the purpose of art is to hold the mirror against nature. King Lear is a virtuoso(prenominal) inquiry into the human condition. King Lear is confronted with existence in its barest sense and is forced to adapt to that existence. His adaptation to the absurd provides an invaluable insight for each into the universal occupation of existence. Lear is forced into an existential progression that will be traced with the phenomenon of consciousness the result of this progression is seen ironically in that Lear finds satisfaction in despair. The point of departure of Lear into the terra incognita of existence is seen when he plunges himself into the harshness and relentlessness of nature. While immersed in the storm, Lear has been reduced to the bare essentials of man, he has lost those that he perceived as loving, and despite cosmos accompanied by the Fool and Kent, Lear is more alone than he has ever been. The daughters he thought who loved him abandoned him and have taken his kingdom. The daughter who sincerely loved him was banished by his irrationality Lear is alone. The presence of the Fool and Edgar should not necessarily be looked upon as that of a companion, but rather as catalyst for Lears progression. As for Kent, his presence is barely felt by Lear. Lears isolation is critical for his progression. Similar to Sartres Roquentin in Nausea, isolation and loneliness are the foundations for fair existentially aware. The tempest in my mind/ Doth from my senses take all feeling else(III, iv 13-14)1 Lear is completely alone in the universe, abandoned by love and cloistered from all outside emotion he is now prepared to perceive the realit... ...a masterful work of art is that it conveys this universal truth, and at the same time conveys the sharp steamy anxiety that is concurrent with the universal truth. Lear constructs the universal human condition. Work s Cited1-William Shakespeare. King Lear edited by Russle Fraser.(New York Penguin Putnam Inc., 1982). All future references will come from this text.2-G. Wilson Knight. The Wheel of Fire. (London Mehuen & Co., 1949), pg 1933-Northrop Frye. On Shakespeare. (New Haven Yale University Press, 1986), pg 1134-Harold Bloom. Shakespeare The Invention of the Human. (New York Riverhead Books, 1998), pg 5035-Bloom, pg. 503 6-Bloom, pg. 5047-Bloom, pg. 5058-Descartes. Meditations. Dr. Nighans British Literature and AP page http//stjohns-chs.org/english/Seventeenth/Sev-bk.html9-Knight, pg. 19610-Frye, pg. 119

Alexander The Great Essay -- essays research papers

horse parsley the GreatAlexander the Great, was born in June, 356 BC, in Pella, the ancientcapital of Macedonia. His parents were Philip II and Olympia. Some recite that Zeuswas his father but it is probably just a myth. Aristotle taught Alexander inhis early teen years. He stimulated his interest in science, medicine, andphilosophy. In the summer of 336 BC, Alexanders father was assassinated, andAlexander ascended to the Macedonian throne. He found himself surrounded byenemies at home and threatened by civilizations all over. But Alexander disposedof quickly of all his enemies by ordering their execution. Then he took off toThessaly, where partisans of independence had gained ascendancy, and restoredMacedonian rule. Before the end of the summer of 336 BC as general of theGreeks in a private road against the Persians, originally planned by his fatherbefore he croaked, he carried out a successful campaign against the defectingThracians, penetrating to the Danube River. On his retur n he crushed in a singleweek the threatening Illyrians and then again took of to Thebes, which had riseed. He took the city by storm and razed it, sparing only the temples ofthe gods and the house of the Greed lyric poet Pindar, and selling the survivinginhabi tants, about 8000 in number, into slavery. Alexanders promptness incrushing the revolt of The bes brought the other Greek states into instantsubmission.Alexander began his war against Persia in th...

aristotle Essay examples -- essays research papers

Aristotle PoliticsAristotle in his book government activity, argues that the political association is the highest form of human association , and making all his conclusions based on the assumption that polis is the best and only sensible political system. He further adds that political association is the most sovereign and aims at the highest goodPolitics is largely an attempt to determine or rather prove that political association is the best suited way for securing the happiness of its members or as called in politics the citizens .The interest of the polis and its citizens were seen to be the same since both the city and man aimed for happiness as the ultimate goal. According to Aristotle, life has no existence outside the curb of the city and that it is not the city that exists to serve the needs of the individual but is a mere part and the city is more important than the individualAristotles admiration of the social system in a polis shows his support to the slavery. The pol is consisted of citizens which men were born to citizen parents women children and slaves. Men were considered to be the only rational earthly concern and had to engage and contribute in the political association of the city, while slaves were used for work. Aristotles above argument had some major weakness and flaws in it, he address the salves as non-rational, and its in there best interest to serve there masters, who would give them a rational vision. The main drawbac...

Essay --

1.Guided elevate regeneration (GBR)The concept of GBR was described first in 1959 when cell-occlusive membranes were employed for spinal fusions 105.The terms steer bone regeneration and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) often are used synonymously and rather inappropriately. GTR deals with the regeneration of the supporting periodontal apparatus, including cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone, whereas GBR refers to the promotion of bone system alone. GBR and GTR are based on the same principles that use barrier membranes for space maintenance over a defect, promoting the ingrowth of osteogenic cells and preventing migration of undesired cells from the overlying soft tissues into the wound. Protection of a blood clot in the defect and exclusion of gingival connective tissue and provision of a secluded space into which osteogenic cell from the bone burn down migrate are essential for a successful outcome. The sequence of bone healing is not only affected by invasion of non-osteogenic tissue, but more(prenominal) so by the defect size and morphology. A predictable intraoral GBR approach was developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s 108-110 (bone augmentation techniques 2007)The survival order of implants placed in augmented sites with GBR are describe in many publications, survival rates range from 91.7 to 100%. However, there are few info about the success rate of dental implants placed in those areas, according to universally established criteria. This may represent a limit in evaluating the reliability of the GBR technique, because a high implant survival rate may not correspond to a high GBR success rate bearing in point that an implant can remain stable and osseointegrated even if the total amount of regenerated tissue ... ...nd limitations must also be being considered. Some authors have reported partial relapse of the gained bone. More studies are needed to assess the implant survival in the bone gained by DO versus other augmentati on methods, including new bone substitutes and augmentation factors. (Alveolar ridge augmentation for implant fixation status review zakhary 2012). Determination of what technique should be used, is largely surgeon preference and on the extent of the defect and item procedures to be performed for the implant reconstruction. It is most appropriate to use an evidenced-based approach when a treatment plan is being developed for bone augmentation cases. (Bone augmentation techniques. 2007)(Clinical outcomes of vertical bone augmentation to change dental implant placement a systematic review.2008) (Bone Grafting the Mandible Patrick J. Louis, DDS, MD 2011)

violence :: essays research papers

In the fictional short tommyrot The Child by Tiger no event occurs with disclose purpose. Authors of fictional short stories collect to produce a well-read piece without any excess information or events. Thomas Wolfe was no exception to this rule. He demonstrated a serious fictional short story without any overflow of information or detail. An act of violence in a story provides suspense, drama, mystery, and other specific advantages. Wolfe also displays the result of convulsive acts, especially in small towns. In The Child by Tiger Dicks violent act seems both shocking and surprising, but offers and excellent gateway to wrap up the end of a story. The violent act of Dick Prosser, the Sheppertons retainer presents the story with a great crescendo of conflict and suspense. This kind, gentle, respectful man changed suddenly into a cold-blooded killer. The purpose of this violence in the story was to limn the reader the need for Dick to be free. Literally, he was free, but because of his position as the Sheppertons Negro man he was not. He even went as far as to kill people just so he could live his own life. Without the authors use of violence Dicks point would not be made as boldly. If he had talked to Mr. Shepperton a fight his desire to live his own life, it would not have made such an natural depression on the readers as it did when he became violent. Also, if Dick did in fact speak to Mr. Shepperton about his desire to live his own life and if it was granted to him the story would have had a nice moral, but not offer the same excitement and drama as it did. The reader can also assume that if he was freed that he would have a difficult time trying to find employment and respect because this story takes place about 1937. Another interesting fact bout the Child by Tiger was that Thomas Wolfe provided subtle, yet imperative, foreshadowing to the readers. Throughout the story, a reader could have a feeling that something exciting should be casualty but co uld never be exactly sure. The narrator described Dick as having a muscular build, and when throwing the football he aimed it over his outstretched transfer as if he were pointing a gun. We find out that later in the story he does in fact use a gun as a means to try to free himself by killing and injuring several people, before running out of town.

Mobile Technology in Higher Education

THE IMPACT OF MOBILE INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY ON STUDENTS ATTITUDES AND PERCEPTIONS IN HIGHER EDUCATION The use of the winding technologies gives an sensitive opportunity to connect the digital division that has an effect on so many students. At University of the Western Cape, we proudly possess leadership that leads underrepresented students. This article provide show the efforts made to falsify and piddle positive attitudes toward the use of Mobile Information Communications (ICT), understand habits in computer usage, and do experiments to show which methods ar more effective in usage of peregrine technologies to improve academic surgery. Our direction was to make use of mobile technologies with differing form factors into the learning environment and regard their come to on student insight and performance. Results, ways and evaluation tools were developed within a general framework to gauge the effectiveness of our approach.The results on cut into in this article will show how technology factor, use and student categorization has a positive impact on students attitudes and views as well as their academic performances. Introduction When students access to computers is limited foreign of computer lab available, there was need that existed to promote the use of technology as an essential instrument that could be used as an integral part of the class. For some a small(a)er group of students, studies showed that gaining access to computers and technology as a child growing up was not as vast as the other students. Hence, it was realised that there may be the fear factor at the introduction of technology to students 2. Enhanced understandings of computers and how they work and how instruction is exchanged was an important c peerless timern toward victimization technology effectively. Our attempt addressed the need to correct and construct positive attitudes toward mobile technology and heavily promote the need to understand habits of computer usage by the underrepresented categories and which methods were most(prenominal) effective in development mobile technologies.The approach we used was to highlight the neccessity to improve the students awareness of how technological tools ( mobile tools in particular) can consume impact on their academic efficiency and performance. As a result we developed a short cross module that could be used in any discipline to gauge and positively gird the productive aspects of mobile technology. The idea was to give a certain group of students mobile technology in various forms that they could take with them once the period class in this course fireed (mobile class) period has ended.Our enthusiasm drove us to make use of this opportunity to further study the impact of mobile computer monomania on user views and performance within the academic framework in that effort. First yr student matriculation as a whole was relatively low and unbalanced where close to 50% of students l eft university before receiving a degree. Students go into the university with very little understanding as to * What tasks a student accomplishes, the courses involved, and the technical aspects required. First semester is important in shaping if the student finishes as well as the pace in which the student finishes.However, it was shown that educational understanding and construction has a larger effect on attrition than complexity of the subject or ability * . The preceding factors make first course students bear oning candidates for the mobile technology incorporation studies. The Technology The introduction of local and personal area engagements such as Wi-Fi provided an affordable mobile solution to go learning and collaborating capabilities pop outside the classroom. Wi-Fi provided a computer programme that allowed the use of personal digital assistants (PDAs), digss and wireless capable laptops by connectivity to the internet.It also enabled students to create peer ne tworks that made information shared and debated in groups Students that took part in the mobile course modules had triple mobile gadgets to choose from COMPAQ/HP Tablet PC TC1000, the Gateway notebook PC and HP IPAQ 5450 POCKET PC. These mobile devices had a customized version of the Microsoft Windows Platform made to processing power and memory allocations available. The Windows CE incorporated built-in a platform for the pocket touch screen, recognition of handwriting, file transfers via infrared, Bluetooth connection, and biometric security.The Windows XP Tablet PC edition incorporated a system for the pen stylus, handwriting recognition, and remote presentation displays. on the whole devices were capable of Wi-Fi connectivity. The device a particular student received was based on likes and availability. Preference depended on the main five categories shape factor or size, processing power, memory space, data entry, and network connectivity. We classed the mobile devices in fac tors below to quantify which device the student would prefer if all devices were available.They had to rate wither it was best, strike or intermediate. It was in terms of the shape, processing ability, memory availability, data entry ease and network connectivity. The result was that the Table PC was the best trade off between sizes, data entry, processing power, memory, and connectivity. Students were most likely to take the tablet PC first. It also showed that the students who had tablet PC responded much positively to the mobile cipher modules exercises. The wireless notebook was best described as a replacement for the desktop class machine.The students got the devices at the start of the course and were allowed to maintain willpower bank the end of the module. Ownership was a vital characteristic to give students freedom to disc everyplace the capability of the device and roam within the wireless factor outside the classroom. The convenience of the device depended on the ap plication and type of projects. Assessment and Attitudes of Mobile Technology Module Design Incorporating mobile technology into the classroom needed a clearly distinct educational goal for the student to gain anything valuable.The overall goal for this course module was to restrain the anxiety associated with introduction to new technology. This expectation was to allow the students with the technology to enhance investigative skills and collaborative skills. Students were originally advised to try the existent individually to acquire core competency and ease with the technology. Afterwards, students were place into groups to work together on complex tasks using the mobile technology. Designing of the course module, emphasis was ought to be placed on all aspects of learning.According to Marzano and Pickering an excellent way was to follow the dimensions of learning structure. The model illustrated five dimensions of learning * Positive attitudes and views virtually Learning * Processes involved in getting and incorporating knowledge * Processes involved in extending and informatory knowledge * Processes involved in using knowledge significantly * Efficient behaviour of the mind Dimension one affected students effort put in the course. The attitude and view of course material upon getting into the classroom may have had a dramatic impact on overall performance of the student.Second dimension involved the students capability to incorporate the knowledge into long-term memory. Therefore the student acquired the skills to use what they had learned to future courses or assignments. Extension of the incorporated knowledge encompassed the leash dimension. The student applied reasoning processes to help them grow and improve the material. Fourth dimension involved the use of the acquired knowledge for solving problems, making decisions and analysis. The final one focused on traits development for the student that allowed critical thinking, creativity, and abil ity to regulate themselves.After establishing the frame, strategies must be in place to blend in technology successfully into the course, record outcomes, and report results. The main focus in the design of this course module was to cover the first two dimensions. We wanted to avoid the fear, and encourage anicteric attitudes and views that first year students have about technology and their course of instruction over the long run. While students completed assignments, conducted research and worked together in teams, integrating and using the acquired knowledge is required.The 3 objectives that were common in all activities that involved mobile usage technology * Promoted an environment that allowed the student to judge the weaknesses and strength of computer ownership and impact of ownership on performance. Student app raised(a) advantages and disadvantages of different mobile platforms in a classroom environment. The student learnt about computer/network organization. * Issued a ssignments that required blanket(a) hours to complete * Evaluated and assessed the most effective form of ownership that impacted the students ability to complete an assignment.BEFORE AND AFTER SURVEY * Had the students do an interactive unskilled activity during off hours. * Encouraged students to find other areas that would encourage them to consider private ownership * Monitored usage statistics THE METHODS OR METRICS USED 1. Divided the students into teams that have mobile computational systems with varying types 2. Distinguish strengths and weaknesses of each platform in implementing a task. The students had to learn about computer/network organization and set-up different of bare(a) wireless connections. THE METHODS OR METRICS USED . Had the students arrange simple fixed and wireless networks 2. Developed an initial level understanding of network protocol masses and connectionless networks Written Report 1. Had the students construct pages for peer to-peer and structure ne tworking 2. Familiarized students with mobile figure skills and information sharing. The aims, outcomes and assessment methods shown in gave a high-level sight of material taught in the module. The tasks were made interactive in which the students had the ability to investigate capabilities of the technology further.In class works were carried out in a co-operative learning style environment where the team size varied between 2 to 4 students. Outside class students were encouraged to work together but all written assignments were poised individually. The students had to research and report on technology, implementation of the technology, and show its usefulness. The student learnt the complexities of the computer networking, device and wireless networks. Projects ranged from the use of pocket pc and/or laptops to create peer-to-peer networks over Wi-Fi or Bluetooth. An exampleThe students are investigated a mobile application by examining how one used a pocket PC device. An in cla ss demonstration was make where teams of students were to explore the major components of a web based application. Afterwards they had to complete this task and report on advantages and disadvantages of the different forms . Also they were required to find these components, on the internet, and write a short report that had to be handed in electronically before the next class. Students also used applications e. g. virtual network computing to handle servers and desktops remotely .Also some applications contained servers that allowed complex computation on the server to be reported on the device The survey analysis was divided into three categories * Perception of students on mobile technology * Usage of mobile technology * Effect of mobile on retention Targeted Programs and Course Some first year courses had been designed to familiarize students with the efficiency, our facilities and resources and projects that required group work. Four three-week sections of the courses involved 118 first year students.Addition to using that course module to investigate some of their main curriculum courses, were made to infuse mobile technology into the different research organizations within the university. Thirty-six foundation students in the Law faculty used notebook and tablet PCs for six weeks to help in their research t. These students studied various topics such as basic laws, family, corporate and ethics. Ten students, including 3 from Zimbabwe, in the Science faculty used tablet PCs for eight weeks to discover knowledge fusion and acquisition techniques.The usage of the mobile technology to students in the different research groups varied depending on the nature of the research. For example, teams may deal closely with mobile technology using remote procedures needed technology or application development. Whereas, other teams may not use e-mobility technology for research but instead use them for information communication among members or work division. Percepti on on Mobile Technology * The most frequent trend in the analysis was that students felt mobile technology had higher relevance after having ownership and using the device than before. Ownership and using the device allowed the student to find relevance and apply the device to his/her environment. * Another trend taken note of is the relationship between time of ownership and the change that actually comes in students perception. The Science and Law students ownership period was close to three times longer than that of the other faculitesstudents. Therefore, in the end positive perceptions of students others faculties changed approximately higher on average. However the perceptions of students in Law and Science changed more dramatically.Positive perceptions for Science increased close to 60% and students participating in Law increased about 15% on average. Mobile Technology Usage While finishing interactive tasks with the mobile device and discovering its capabilities, most student s gained a sense for the usefulness of the device and mobile networking. For instance, while gaining knowledge about the technology and finishing a task using Bluetooth technology, the student found out that their cell-phone was also able to communicate via Bluetooth. The students were able to finish the tasks by joining his cell phone to network with other students using PDAs.This technology raised the students interest and they showed initiative to use the technology further. Focusing on the aspect of ownership students views changed on buying a device for delight and convenience to that of buying for information access and research. Students who had longer ownership found means to use technology and contemplated more about using computational tools in their studies. STUDENT MAINTENANCE Attrition in faculties was discussed earlier in this paper. Theories within departments research indicated that more exposure to technology made the curriculum more interesting.The prospect was to enhance the students, increase probability of finishing through their degrees. It was discovered that even limited use of Mobile Technology raised the students interest in the more technological advancements to come. OTHER FACULTIES IN THE RESEARCH A modified questionnaire on computer attitude was developed to gauge on attitudes about computer value, enjoyment of the computer, studying habits, empathy, persistence and motivation, tendencies to be creative, school, mobile ownership, knowledge and importance for the first year courses. Results indicated fair amount of anxiety over all platforms.Also in views and acquired knowledge showed that technology ownership had a direct effect on the first two scopes of learning in the presence of technological combination. just about frequent were the fluctuating results in enjoyment of computer, email usage, e-classroom application and usage of computers. Tablet PC users exhibited constant satisfaction across the board. We hypothesize that t he tablet PC strikes the balance in portability, performance and functionality that the user used it more and was more productive with it compared to the rest used in the study.This was especially applicable in urban areas where the student was tasked with selecting mobile computational devices to help counterbalance the many demanding situations placed by the bulk of communications, transportation, and social networks that surround them. Conclusion In this article, we showed a course specifically customised to introduce mobile technology to first year students. First year students were given a wide indication of device usage, connecting to the network, and low-level network design.Our attempt to instil mobile technology into the module was highly successful in raising the student curiosity, view, usage, and interest in the curriculum. Results revealed that the prolonged time of ownership and student categorisation or maturity has a positive impact on our students attitudes and view s on mobile technology. In addition mobile forms that offer a balance between size, weight, system and performance seem to have the greatest effect on student attitude and academic performance

Public Administration Essay

I. Understanding mankind organisation consequence of ordinary garbage disposalFrom a very broad perspective, macrocosm plaque may be viewed to confer not only to those activities involved in carrying out or in implementing the policies and programs of the governance but also the processes and contents of these policies and programs.Meaning of frequent AdministrationFrom a broader perspective, human race administration may refer to cooperative human action whether within the open bureaucracy, the nonpublic sector, or in nongovernmental organizations aimed at delivering function to the people.Meaning of worldly concern Administration domain administration is also a distinct field of study it is considered both a professional and scholarly discipline. As much(prenominal), it is concerned with the public policies and programs, their formulation and implementation, and the socio-cultural, scotch and political factors bearing on them. It deals with the systematic study of i nstitutions and processes and the interplay of factors involved in authoritative decision-making on goals, in implementing, and in achieving desired results.Source Raul P. De Guzman (2003). Is there a Philippine Public Administration? In V. Bautista el al. (eds) Introduction to PA in the Philippines A ReaderMeaning of Public AdministrationPublic Administration is the organization and management of men and materials to achieve the purposes of government. Public Administration is the invention and science of management as use to affairs of the state. (Waldo, 1955)Source Cabo, Wilhelimina L. (1997) PM 201 speculation and Practice of Public Administration. University of the Philippines Open University.Meaning of Public AdministrationFrom a broader perspective, public administration may refer to cooperative human action whether within the public bureaucracy, the private sector, or in nongovernmental organizations aimed at delivering services to the people.Meaning of Public Administrati onPublic Administrationis the action part of the government, the elbow room by which the purposes and goals of government are realized. Public Administration as a field of study is mainly concerned with the means to implement political values. Public Administration can stovepipe be identified with the executive branch of government. Public Administration differs from political science in its emphasis on the bureaucratic structure and behavior and its methodologies.Meaning of Public AdministrationPublic Administration differs from administrative science in the evaluative techniques utilise by nonprofit organizations, and because profit-seeking organizations are considerably less constrained in considering public interest in their decision-making structures and the behavior of their administrators.Cited in Rossenbloom, 1989Source Cabo, Wilhelimina L. (1997) PM 201 Theory and Practice of Public Administration. University of the Philippines Open UniversityNature of Public Administrat ionBy the nature of its functions, the government should be responsive to the needs of both the nation as a whole and the people as individuals. It should take, if necessary, a gradual and pragmatic manner of action in responding to such needs.Nature of Public AdministrationPublic administration in carrying out public policies brings the different administrative structures of government into a single organ of administration. In doing so it means its adherence to such public policies and accepted management principles and practices prevailing at that time. Considering the functions of government and the administrative organizations formed to attain them, the task of public administration is a very heterogeneous one as compared to that of business administration. Public administration requires a lot of coordination, problem solving and decision making activity.Nature of Public AdministrationPublic administration c all in alls for not only the active participation of the politicians b ut also of all sectors of society if it is to succeed in overcoming the many administrative and socio-economic problems of the nation. The total social occasion of all sectors of society in the life of the nation is an imperative requirement for national survival, as well as for the attainment of national greatness.Scope of Public AdministrationPublic administration calls for action, and as defined by Leonard D. etiolate, it is concerned with action in particular concrete situations, but in accordance with long-range objectives. In effect he clarifies the concept of government in action. What should be the scope of public administration? Should it be principally limited to the administration ofthe governments bureaucracy? Should its objectives be the total administration of the administrative machinery of government?Nature of Public AdministrationFor Robert PresthusPublic administration is concerned with the institutional model of government, its socio-economic and political mili eu, and the behavior of the individuals who man the bureaucratic machine.Public administration should also be concerned with the formulation of public policies and the implementation of government programs.Nature of Public AdministrationPublic administration is that aspect of administration occurring under the formal aegis of government at every level. (Robert Presthus) If it is only an aspect of administration, then what is administration?Nature of Public AdministrationAccording to Barry M. Richman and Melvyn Copen define administration as followsAdministration is basically an organizational process concerned with the implementation of objectives and plans and internal direct efficiency. It often connotes bureaucratic structure and behavior, relatively routine decision making and maintenance of the internal status quo. Administration is not limited to large organizations White considers it as applicable to all kinds of group effort.Nature of Public AdministrationAdministration is a process common to all effort, public or private, politeor military, large scale or small scale. It is a process at work in a department store, a bank, a university or high school, a railroad, a hotel, or a city government.According to Brooks AdamsAdministration is the capacity of coordinating many and often conflicting, social energies in a single organism, so adroitly that they shall operate as a unity.Nature of Public AdministrationThe capacity of government to perform its function s, however, rests with its public administration being attuned to the realities of the times.Peculiarities of Public AdministrationIs Public Administration an Art or a Science?Peculiarities of Public AdministrationAccording to WhiteThe art of administration is the direction, coordination, and control of many persons to achieve some purpose or objective. It is a dynamic art, taking the human and physical resources available in a system of administration and bending them to the achievement of some requ ired goal. It is the central, over-all disposition of forces, bringing into focus and consistency of action elements often widely dispersed. It is an art that pervades all levels of organization, binding together the many professions, crafts, and specialists whose contributions although equally necessary are not those of management.Peculiarities of Public AdministrationAccording to Avery Leiserson and Fritz Morstein MarxA science of administration would be a body of formal statements describing invariant relationships between measurable objects, units, or elements. Unquestionably, administrative research has produced definite precepts and hypothesis that are applicable to concrete situations. But what administrators determine as particularly valuable goes beyond that. They are interested in the techniques of systematizing the process of securing and sifting relevant information so that the factors involved in arriving at a policy decision can be stated and the consequences of alter natives can be analyzed and balanced.Peculiarities of Public AdministrationAccording to Arsenio P. TalingdanThe question as to whether public administration is a science or not is as open when it was first raised. However, it may, in the future become more and more scientific. One mightiness steady say that further scientific truths on human behavior and interaction will be established. In many other fields, scientists will deliver facts for the public administrators use. But the public administrator will always be an artisan, making value judgments on the basis of these scientific truths, even though he may also be required to be a scientist.Public Administration vs. Public AdministrationPublic administration is a broad field of administration while Private administration is a limited one. According to Nigro and Nigro, Government is different also in that no private company can equal it in size and diversity of activities. Even more important is the great scope of government act ivities, affecting the entire economic and social structure of the country.PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONPRIVATE ADMINISTRATIONBroad field of administrationLimited field of administrationOfficial actions are establish on publictrust carrying legal accountabilityNot necessarily based on publictrustlimited legal accountabilityRelatively routine decision-making executionUnlimited in decision-making procedureMaintenance of internal status quoDynamic entrepreneurshipActuations subject to publiccriticismNor normally subjected to publiccriticismGovernment corporations curtailby requirements of fiscalaccountability foreign to corporatedevice.No such restrictions.Public Administration vs. Public AdministrationThe official actions of public administrators are based on public trust carrying legal accountability. Sec. 1 of Article XI of the 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines provides that Public office is a public trust. Public officers and employees mustiness at all times be account able to the people, serve them with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and efficiency act with patriotism and justice, and lead modest lives.Public Administration vs. Public AdministrationAccording to Former Senate President Gil J. Puyat wrote on August 30, 1979 the following message in his notesTo be given the opportunity to serve the people is indeed a priceless gift that a country can give a citizen. For a citizen who is given this opportunity and who would serve less than his very best in dedication and performance, indeed has committed or is committing an act of apostasy.

Perception on the Nursing Profession and Career Choice of High School Students Essay

According to Wieck (2006), the man fester for betforce searchms to be at an exciting crossroad of change, both in recruiting and in computer programme. The environment of healthc ar has changed and so has obligate, resulting in students asking, What is heraldic bearing for? This question creates a ch allenge for agree educators.In order to attract and retain bright, capable students in c be for, there mustiness be changes in the c atomic number 18 for curriculum to provide and assure accu pasture and definitive perceptions of treat. Factors which onlinely contribute to students perceptions of breast feeding must be set in order to give way and provide students with the life history making skills necessary in choosing a treat public life, fix job triumph fol humiliateding graduation, and remain in care for as a passage.Peterson (2006) stated that historically, treats incur been predominantly females who were easily recognized by a white hat and uniform mak ing the victor and the profession more overt. Today, white uniforms and hats exact been replaced by vivid colored scrub suits worn by both male and female nurses. Students perceptions of breast feeding are based on visual im times that are practically limited to bedside care and drug administration instead of that of a naughtyly skilled and well-educated nurse professional with an all valuable(predicate) role to job in health care.Foskett and Hensley-Brown (2008) suggests that students biography perceptions are lavishlyly soul, and are the product of contracted im develops of jobs they see for themselves, derived images from media, and delegated images from parents and friends. The U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (2000) lists care for as bingleness of the top 40 growth jobs for the next ten years. But feel in at presents scenario, the government issue of students applying to baccalaureate breast feeding programs crossways the nation is dec reasing.In the Philippines, according to CHED Executive Director Julito Vitriolo (2010), care for is considered one of the countrys oversubscribed itinerarys programs that convey continually rising enrolment range in the face of dwindling job va mucklecies, leading to an over add on of graduates. With the report, the researchers would like to know view of h octonarys civilise graduating students regarding care for profession and their career election in college, whether to cut up nursing or not. As reflected in todays reality, many notice that there is a continuous ebb in students taking up nursing course and creation taken by some to be their future job but not as a profession as it should be. The researchers hope that this workplace ordain attend to domesticates on how they forget intervene with the nursing curriculum being wisecracked.Statement of the fussThis study aimed to determine the perception of spicy school students on the nursing profession and t heir career choice. Specifically, this study answered the following questions1. What is the profile of the 4th Year high school students in terms of 1.1 Sex1.2 Familys Monthly Income2. What is the career choice of high school students?2.1 Courses in the College of Commerce2.2 Courses in the College of Aviation2.3 College of Criminology2.4 College of immortal2.5 College of Law2.6 Courses in the College of Science2.7 Courses in the College of Engineering2.8 Courses in the College of Medicine and wellness Care2.9 Courses in the College of Arts2.10 Courses in the College of Computer Studies2.11 Courses in the College of nurture2.12 Courses in the College of Architecture and Fine Arts3. What are the reasons of 4th year high school students in their favourite(a) courses?4. What are the perceptions of 4th year high school students on the nursingprofession?Theoretical Frame fetchPeople have a way of seeing the world and interpreting what is viewd. When encountering new noesis or an exp erience that elicitnot be integrated comfortably with current ways of seeing the world, one has a choice of rejecting the new information or revising previous views. Mezirow calls this transformative learning, which open fire be done by reading or hearing something new, taking a course, or by having a pr from each oneing with friends or colleagues. Transformative learning involves changing ones perspective.Mezirow also uses the term marrow perspective to describe how one sees the world. One expects to see things a certain way because of past experiences. This frame of reference or perspective stems from the way an individual grew up, ones cultivation, and knowledge that has been acquired. Mezirow describes meaning perspectives as values of culture that have been accepted without question (i.e. because one grew up with it). Forexample, nursing is commonly perceived as a female profession. The opportunity to influence students perspectives near nursing can influence whether acc urate perceptions are used in making a career determination more or less nursing. Transformative learning just near nursing can satisfy certain needs that many students may have in order to make a more informed career decision regarding nursing.Students meaning perspectives about nursing that are outdated or inaccurate and not redirected by providing transformative learning, can go students busys in nursing. Frank Parsons Trait-and Factor theory maintained that an individual would be best satisfied with a career that was matched with the characteristics of the individual. Parsons wrote the first book on career decision-making early in the twentieth century authorize Choosing a Vocation. His conceptual framework for destiny an individual select a career one liked and that matched ones abilities provides a systematic externalize for career guidance.Shadowing, volunteer experiences, and academia about nursing can provide a conceptual framework for prenursing students that le ave allow them to determine if nursing is a satisfying career choice and matches their strongest personal skills. Ginsburg, Ginsburg, Axelrod, and Herma developed the first approach of career instruction from individual developmental stages. These researchers viewed career choice as a life-long developmental process and cited three stages categorized by characteristics within age groups. First, fantasy period ofchildhood before age 11, purely a play orientation early in the stage, becoming more work-oriented near the end of the stage. Second, tentative period of early adolescence, ages 11-17, a period of gradual recognition of work requirements, resides, abilities, work reward, values, and time perspectives. Third, realistic period involves adolescents, age 17 to young adult. Within this age, individuals integrate capacities and invades, farther develop values, specify argumental choice, and crystallize occupational patterns.The Realistic Period is the age group and period of th e typical prenursing student. Ginsberg theorized that as career decisions were made during this period, other careers were no longer potential choices. Although this was later turn up to be false, Ginsberg continued to stress earlier choices in the career decision-making process.Conceptual FrameworkFigure 1. science on Nursing business and Career alternative of Fouth Year highschool schooltime Students The figure on the next page collections the profile of fourth year high school students namely sex, and family income. Each respondent would be asked to specify their gender and how much their family earns constantlyy month. The study would gather the courses preferred by fourth year high school students with a variety of courses list given by the researchers. The study would tackle the reasons behind the choice of course made by the students. The study would also tackle the weigh of students who have chosen nursing as a course for college, and the reasons for such preferen ce for nursing. Lastly, the study leave alone show how fourth year high school students view nursing as a profession regardless of their course preferences.Assumptions of the StudyThis part of the study aims to shows the perceived possible cause-and- effect relationship to alter a complex analysis.Female Fouth Year high school students choose nursing as their course in college than male 4th year high students.Fouth Year high school students from high earner families choose nursing as a course than 4th year high school students from low earner families.Fouth Year high school students who have relatives or family members who are in the medical field tend to enroll in the nursing curriculum than 4th year high school students who have no relatives or family members in the medical field.Fouth Year high school students who have friends enrolling in the nursing curriculum follow the same course than students without friends enrolling in the nursing curriculum.Significance of the StudyThi s part of the study aims to show where it is relevant and useful. It provides insight to the following brasss and individuals which will serves as benefactors of this study.Parents. The study will provide better understanding of the students perception on choosing a career, thus, parents can help their children in the tightest decision in choosing a career that would suit them. It will make them be aware with the perceptions of students about nursing as a profession and a life career.Nursing Schools. feel out students perceptions about nursing would provide Nursing Schools with a basis for curriculum development. Identifying these perceptions can lead to academic standards and healthcare experiences that could prove crucial to meeting students individual careerdevelopment needs both now and in the future.Graduate Nurses/Registered Nurses. This research is also important because it could provide information related to current perceptions about thenursing profession that experienc ed nurses could speech communication as they mentor students.Students who wish to enrolled in nursing need to have nurse role models that present constructive and accurate characteristics about nursing, as well as the negative aspects of the profession. Knowledge of both types of factors can provide students the necessary skills to formulate quality perceptions for career decision making.Nurses in the Academe. The result of this research can serve as a tool for nurse educators in developing a challenging curriculum preparing nursing students to integrate seriously the career into their life. The result can also serve to be a basis for an improve way of preparation and promotion of nursing profession to the young generation.Future Researchers. For researchers who want to pursue the study, it will be a great contribution in taking up steps to find further answers and knowledge on the perceptions of students and the relevance of nursing as a profession. Furthermore, the study can be a guide to know an incr readiness or a decline on the number of nursing enrollees for the futureScope and LimitationThis research study was conducted on Fouth Year high school students. This research is limited only to the first section of graduating high school students that enrolled for the school year 2013-2014 at Notre Dame of Marbel University Integrated Basic Education Department, Notre Dame of Sienna School of Marbel, and Koronadal National Comprehensive High School located in the City of Koronadal, South Cotabato.Definition of TermsThis part of the study provides meaning of terms being used by the researchers to support the understanding of the readers.Perception on the Nursing Profession. This term refers to a mental image of a person to the nursing profession. Perception is a subjective mater affected by different factors that vary from person to person. A person perceives nursing profession based on his observations in his day-to-day living in the society.Nursing Profes sion. It is a kind of career that gives an opportunity in rendering care and service to others. People who are in this profession are persons who has knowledge and skills in promoting health and wellness among individuals, families and communities he or she cared for.Career. The occupation in which a person does for a period of time. This is an occupation which a person has the opportunity to progress and it is regarded as a long-term or lifelong activityCareer choice. A decision made by an individual to choose a field to specialize in for advancement of jobs. A decision to attain career goals set by an individual.College. This term describes an institution of higher learning that offers tertiary level of education and awards bachelors and sometimes masters degrees. College offers courses of different fields for undergraduates to specialize in.Chapter II analyse OF RELATED LITERATUREThis section presented a review of related literature based from different sources such as from pre vious studies that supported the reliability of thestudy.historic Perspective of NursingSince Florence Nightingales pioneering work, only five generations of nurses have set their footprints in history. In that brief time, nursing has grown enormously in knowledge, skill, prestige, and value. Nursing needs to be recognized as a member of the scientific discipline that can make valuable contributions to healthcare (Mundinger, 2000). America witnessed nursing first in the 20th century in home visiting and association-based care.Then, during World War II nurses cared for patients on the European front and ran hospitals in the unify States while physicians were at war. Nurses were entrepreneurs for soup kitchens for the poor, directed individual and family counseling on dietetics and school health stations, andprovided more or less community-based care with physicians seeing only the critically ill. Nurses toss their uniforms for coveralls in the war and worked with their medical c olleagues in the indistinguishable teamwork of saving lives, only to return after the war to resume their prewar status (Mundinger, 2000). Associate degree (AD) hospital based nursing programs, which had been the education and clinical training centers for nurses and supplied its nursing workforce, began to decline.Baccalaureate nursing programs, which offered a bachelor of science in nursing (BSN) in addition to preparation for RN licensure became the focus for nursing education. The BSN degree began its ascendancy with emphasis on public health and leadership training, which resulted in advancing the BSN nurse as the hospital head nurse (Mundinger, 2000). Today NPs work in institutions and in private practice as clinical specialists where they see patients over an wide time period and across many settings and accountability in advanced nursing practice is growing.These advancements have fostered nurses with authoritative and complementary roles in team care with physicians (Mundi nger, 2000). The valuable background of professional development of nursing is influenced by need, biomedical knowledge, and the economic and pecuniary structure of the nation and its health care system. Among nursings greatestcontributions are primarily counseling, teaching, disease prevention, and health promotion, which are much less riveting to the public than elegant technology and life-and-death medical situations that are often associated with the physician (Mundinger, 2000). Thus, nursing has struggled for recognition and independence as well as opportunity while often overshadowed by its partner, medicine. Mundinger further said that nursing has proven that it can advance its future by educational preparation, securing public recognition and access through research, and by developing a structure in the nations healthcare system that uses nursing services in a protected and focused way.Instead of preparing students for a specific job, literature suggests that nurse educator s are equipped with knowledge, skills, and experiences that will allow them flexibility and an opportunity to advance throughout their careers (Moore, 2000). Key words to look for in nursing will be Advanced Nursing Practice (APN), Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS), Nurse Practitioner (NP), and Nursing Role (Lynch, 2000).Image of NursingCareer images of nursing can be shaped by a number of influences. Data by researchers in a South Hampton, United Kingdom study involving secondary and college age students, confirmed the immenseness of careerimages and perceptions in shaping the career choices of individual students (Foskett and Hemsley-Brown, 2000). The word perception is defined as the ability to perceive and the result of perceiving, to straighten out or become aware of something through the senses, an impression accompanied by an understanding of what it is (Webster, 2000). Foskett and Hemsley-Brown (2000) state that gender images influence perceptions of nursing.Historically, nu rsing has been an occupation of women, as seen in all female nursing management, staffing, teaching, discipline, and organization. In fact, males under 10 years of age included in this study did not take the question about males in nursing seriously. The 17-year old males, however, were more conscious of being politically correct but still referred to the stereotypically feminine personality characteristics require to be a nurse (i.e., patient, nice, caring). Additional selective information indicate that young men are unlikely to make a decision to enter nursing before age 21.College age males felt that male masculinity would be doubted if men chose a nursing career. Interestingly, the focus of a career as a physician center on around intellectual potential, whereas nursing focused around personality traits (Marshland, 2000). This could indicate a significance of role models and mentors as key factors influencing a students image of nursing.Students focus on the roles and tasks o f nursing showed that younger students in the Foskett and Hemsley-Brown (2000) study saw nursing as very task oriented (i.e., related to visible tasks of patient care at the bedside). A greater pctage of older students appeared to perceive nursing as carrying out orders without responsibility, status, or authority. Foskett and Hemsley-Brown (2000) suggest that images of career progression and security are very important factors to students in formulating career perceptions.For example, most students in the research chose jobs they believed to offer greater career opportunities than nursing. These students chose jobs which were difficult to enter or highly selective, such as sports and acting. Understanding why students choose or reject a nursing career is relevant in designing a recruiting program for students. Nurse educators face the challenge of providing students with a variety of informative factors about nursing, which are important to students in career decision-making. Stude nts are currently formulating career decisions from a variety of sources that do not include nurses therefore, students may have vague, distorted, or inaccurate images of nursing that result in disillusioned career choices.A review of literature suggests that increasing numbers of students are making career decisions related to nursing based on a limited range of informational factors and inferior career making skills. The following info define how students presently view the nursing profession, at what age they light to make decisionsrelated to nursing, and some identified factors influencing students images of nursing. According to Kerstern, Barkwell, and Meyers (2001) students chose nursing related to five categories of reasons. In order of frequency students reasons stemmed from a desire to nurture, meet unrestrained needs, employment opportunities, financial opportunities, and interest in science/disease.Stevens and Walker (2003) reported the most frequent reason for colleg ebound students to choose nursing was the desire to help batch, followed by absentminded to do important work and the desire to work with all kinds of people. Kelly, Shoemaker, and Steele (2006) examined the motivational factors for males choosing a career in the predominantly female dominated field.The results revealed that the choice of a career in nursing was influenced by the following job security/availability desire to help people, professional autonomy, and previous contact with the healthcare system (i.e. volunteering, working, family member, etc.), and family support. The foregoing studies revealed that most male and female students primary interest in nursing was not linked to cognitive understanding of nursing, but on emotional desires, such as helping people and the desire to nurture. In the three studies cited in examining students interests in nursing, at least two of the studies showed significant interest in each of the stay areas. Studentsknowledge base of educati onal programs for nursing, nursing licensure, professional opportunities, or professional responsibilities were not indicated. (Foskett and Hemsley-Brown, 2000) Beck (2000) suggests that nurse educators need to use creative strategies and programs in career education to attract more applicants, and that first-hand knowledge of why students choose nursing as a career is basic and necessary.Three new pieces of important information on students reasons for choosing a nursing career that emerged through Becks study in the year 2000 were the powerful effect of observing nurses in action, feeling as though something was missing from their original career choice, and not gaining acceptance into medical school. Although Becks study cannot be broadly generalized, it does have implications for nurse educators. It confirmed a repetitious pattern among students entering nursing as a career, namely a strong desire to help people and to experience an idealized one to one relationship with patien ts.A students perception that the nursing profession reaps benefits for both patient and nurse are not constantly matched with the realities of todays healthcare delivery. Consistently, a students strongest perception about nursing is that of a nurses one to one relationship with patients, which in todays managed healthcare system is not a reality. One implication in general for nursing educators was that of not setting up students for disillusionment. Changes in nursing practice need to be made clear to students.Curriculum must be implemented to help students and new graduates adjust to realities of todays healthcare. Importantly, students must still be able to realize satisfaction and pleasure in the career they have perceived as one of caring for others. Otherwise, students are more likely to drop out of nursing programs or leave the profession after entering the workforce. (Author) Why are students overlooking careers in nursing?The daybook of Vocational Education and Training (Foskett and Hemsley-Brown, 2000) sought to develop an understanding of how students perceive nursing as a career at various stages in their education, and how these perceptions affect students interests in nursing. The study indicates that decisions about jobs are being made at an early age and that by late elementary school students have often rejected jobs on the basis of perceptions.Thus, it is important to provide career information and experience for well-defined perceptions about nursing that can be developed for greater career decision-making skills. On many campuses, curriculum-based community service learning, as it is most frequently referred to rather than traditional co-curricular volunteerism, represents a real growth area to enhance career-making skills (Fisher, 2006). Bringle and Hatcher (2006) define service learning as a credit-bearing educational experience in which students participate in an organized serviceactivity that meets identified community needs. Stude nts reflect on the service to gain further understanding of the course content, a broader appreciation of the discipline, and an enhanced sense of civic responsibility. Overall, the data revealed that young people have a very limited and out-dated understanding of career progression of nursing and were unaware of changes in nurse education and training. Nurse educators have a responsibility not to set up students for disillusionment but instead to observe prenursing students perceptions about nursing, help them to formulate accurate perceptions of nursing, and to adequately prepare them to pull ahead in nursing education and the nursing workforce.Impending Nursing ShortageNursing programs everywhere are using inventive tactics of tuition reimbursement, financial aid, high school shadowing programs, and opening doors to immigrant and minority students in order to attract the volume of students needed to provide the nursing workforce to care for the future population. Declining enro llment in baccalaureate nursing programs, an aging nursing workforce, the volume of nurse educators nearing retirement, and the current environment of healthcare are key factors underlying the current nursing shortage. (Benjamin, 2000)Although recruitment incentives are being offered, little is being done to influence a prenursing students image of nursing, career making skills, or factors that negatively affect students images of nursing. Sound images of nursing and more informed dimensional career opportunities in nursing could provide students significant skills for more informed career decisions.Developing improved career-making skills allows prenursing opportunities to explore career/job satisfaction in nursing. Locke (2009) states, Job satisfaction is the pleasurable emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job as achieving or facilitating the achievement of ones job values. Job satisfaction and dissatisfaction are functions perceived by what we want and what we o btain. Periodic assessments are needed periodically to determine the changes of students desire and need in a career.Locke says students who make more informed career decisions tend to find greater satisfaction in a chosen career. Therefore, students who choose a nursing career based on a more informed career decision should find greater career satisfaction as a nurse. Although the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (2000) predicts a significant 21 percent job growth rate among RNs by 2006, the largest among all professions, fewer students are choosing careers in nursing. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing Media Relations (2000) states that with the steady decline of enrollment in baccalaureate nursing programs, the need to attract nursing students appears imperative.The Bureau of Health Professions, Division of Nursing (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2000a), estimates that by 2010 the country will need 1.4 zillion RNs with a BSN, but w ill have only 635,000. Of the 532,000 nursing positions requiring a masters degree or Ph.D., only 250,000 nurses will actually be available to fill the demand. Literature reflects the aging of the current nursing workforce, indicating the average age of RNs to be 44.3 years, with those under age 30 representing only 10 percent (Peterson, 2001).Alarmingly, one-third of these young nurses indicated that they plan to leave the nursing profession within the next year (Hagan, 2001). Most nurse educators are nearing retirement with an average age of 55.5 years. This will affect the future of nursing education and the supply of students to fill nursing vacancies according to the National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses Preliminary Findings (U.S. Department of Health Services, 2000a Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2000).Conversely, changes in financing and organization of healthcare delivery resulted in a decreased demand for nursing services through the 1990s. In additi on, forced deteriorations in quality healthcare resulting from constant cutbacks have made it difficult for frustrated nurses to encourage students to become nurses (Peterson, 2001). The projected intersection of supply and demand to the current shortage of nursing is estimated to be 2010, when the supply of RNs will no longer exceed the need. The future supply and demand ofRNs will show a widening gap unless measures are taken to attract students into nursing, reduce attrition rates, and retain nursing graduates (Peterson, 2001) Virtually everyone has been in contact with and experienced the importance of having a nurse care for them during ones lifetime. Dicey Smith, MSN RN, an expert in the field says, Nursing is the only profession I know that allows one to impact the lives of others from birth to the grave (Smith, 2001). It is often referred to as the heart and soul of health care (Harris, 2000). Studies prompted by Congressional involvement showed a strong and reproducible re lationship between nurse staffing and important patient outcomes in acute care hospitals inpatient units (Needleman, 2001).The results of these studies indicated that patients cared for by a higher RN share of issue forth staffing had a reduction in secondary infections and length of stay in hospital. Also, careful monitoring of in-home technology by nurses showed improved clinical outcomes (Compher, 2001). A number of related factors provide useful guidelines to indicate the increasing need for RNs. Study results indicate that older Americans compose a greater segment of the U.S. population than ever before. The U. S. Census Bureau (1995) and the U.S. Government Census (2000) report that since 1990, the percentage of Americans aged 65 and older has tripled, and the elderly population itself is getting older. Americans 85 and older, representing 4.0million individuals, is 33 times larger. According to the Programs and Initiatives for Aging (U.S. Department of Health and Human Servi ces, 2000b), one out of every six Americans, a count of over 89 million, will live to be 100 years old in the next 30 years (Peterson, 2001). An adequate nursing force will be needed to care for this aging population of baby boomers, who are living longer and healthier lives and are expected to live well into their 80s and 90s.Nurses oversee patient care in the community provide primary care in a variety of non-acute settings, and highly technical care with acutely ill patients requiring hospitalization. Nurses are among a few health professionals responsible to their patients and profession to validate the safety and efficacy of healthcare practice. Over 50 million people a year are hospitalized, and because of the central role nurses plays in hospitals and nursing homes across the nation, the nursing shortage is everyones problem (Nursing World, 2000 Nevidjon and Erickson, 2001).Importance of Informed Career Decision-MakingStuds Turkel stated, A career is about daily meaning as w ell as daily bread. For recognition as well as cash, for astonishment rather than torpor in short for a sort of life rather than Monday through Friday sort of dying. We havea right to ask about work that includes its meaning, recognition and astonishment, and life (Byars, 2006). many a(prenominal) prenursing students are unsure about what career opportunities nursing will offer them, and some have misconceptions about what a nurse actually does. Some students have just never considered nursing. Could informed career decision-making influence recruitment of students into nursing, lower attrition rates, and help retain nursing graduates in the workforce?Career development is a lifelong process, which incorporates education, occupational training, and work, as well as ones social and leisure life (Zunker, 2000). Today, the changes in the work-world and new definitions of what a career is are challenging us to make sense of our careers and reassess their meaning in our lives. Traditio nal job definitions are vaporizing, and it is never too early to begin preparing for a life-long career (Alaniz, 20001). Career guidance and counseling are components of a total career education program.Students need to understand themselves in order to explore and plan a career. The School-To-Work Opportunities Act of 1994 states the strong need for career education and development programs for all students in order to provide students with information sharing, outreach, communication, career education, chore market information, job placement, work experience programs, counseling and assessment, and public relations (Cunanan, et. al, 2000).Developing accurate perceptions about the career in which a student is evoke is one key to informed career decision-making. Recruiting students into nursing can begin with younger students as they formulate career goals and look to mentors as role models in careers they identify with. Eyes to the Future is an online multi-age magazine targeting middle school girls interested in math and science.It reaches them at an age when they are thinking about which career path they might take for the future. It also links middle school girls with high school girls interested in math and sciences who can be mentors and help the former make wise career choices (Little, 2000). The curriculum for an Introduction to orientation to nursing course could include placing prenursing students as mentors for younger students whose images of nursing are step by step increasing. A greater number of students may choose careers in nursing if provided with better decision-making skills and positive perceptions at a younger age, before negative images of nursing are shaped. There are many challenges for nursing to develop programs to interest students in nursing.Primary Care Resource Initiative for moment (PRIMO) is an example of a career development program designed to remedy the shortage of nurses by placing students in grades 7-12 in summer shado wing health-related professional programs. PRIMO serves as a successful career decision-making tool for students interested in health careers, and encourages students in high school through post-graduation education to remain and practice in Missouri (Northeast Missouri Area Health Education Center, 2000).Some nursing programs encourage or require a volunteer or shadowing experience for admission. This experience helps students to see firsthand what a career in nursing has to offer (Benjamin, 2000). A introduction to Nursing course that is designed to acquaint students with professional nursing could provide students further opportunities to explore the academia of nursing, as well as clinical images, before a career choice is made.If bright, capable students are uncertain or have not made a decision about a career, the orientation class may provide them with insight into an excellent and assure career of nursing. Foskett and Hemsley-Browns study (2000) indicates that the main reas on individuals desire to become a nurse is helping people. Indifference is the main reason for not wanting to enter nursing therefore, many students had not rejected a nursing career but instead had not given it any consideration.Identifying students perceptions about nursing academia can indicate to nurse educators, advisors, and recruiters whether or not students perceptions are based on accurate information from professional sources. Also, by linking students images of clinical nursing in the setting with facts, nurse professionals can help students to develop accurate perceptions, which can determine career goals now and in the future.To provide an adequate nursing workforce and to replace waning numbers of nurse educators, it is important to understand factors contributing to students current career decision-making skills (Beck, 2000). This researchers findings could provide data to professional nurses related to current student expectations about the nurse workforce. Recently, career opportunities for women have escalated and the mostly female dominated profession of nursing is facing stiff aspiration in career choicealternatives. Schools of nursing, nurse advisors/recruiters, and nurse mentors could utilize information related to current student perceptions of nursing in understanding what students are looking for in making career choices. Prenursing students could make more informed career decisions about a career in nursing if their perceptions were clearly understood by professionals and those who educate nursings future practitioners. (Marshland, 2000) Little research has been done to determine prenursing students academic and clinical perceptions regarding nursing.It is the researchers intent to determine what these students perceptions are, and to identify any factors that may have influenced their development. Data collected can then be used by nurse educators to develop a curriculum that will address students needs, which may affect recruitment and/or retention of prenursing students. Identifying images that may affect the perceptions of nursing can also provide data for improving or developing a new curriculum in career education for prenursingstudents. Questions that can be targeted in an Introduction to Nursing course may include What are the reasons students are not choosing a nursing career, what are students perceptions of a professional nurse, or what can one do with a degree in nursing, and can students be recruited into the nursing profession through career education/development?These questions need to be answered in order to address the current shortage of baccalaureate nursing students in our universities and in the nursing workforce. (Hinshaw, 2001) Teenagers see nursing as working irregular shifts, taking orders from doctors, and bedside care believably forever (Sherrod, 2001). Many students still see nursing and think of bedpans and needles. Although this certainly can be part of nursing care, the role of t he registered nurse today is a team coordinator of healthcare providers assuring quality care for all patients (Corcoran, 2001).Alaniz (2000) says that nursing students will need to possess the qualities motivator, savvy, and team player. They will need to speak some(prenominal)(prenominal) languages and understand the cultures from which those languages come master the Internet and know how to navigate its sea of information to find the precise data needed feel at ease with all of the latest medical technology be knowledgeable of all medical insurance policies and legal and ethical codes (state and federal) related to healthcare and understand the gentlemans gentleman 32 psyche.Nurses must also be excellent communicators and maintain clear communication with all colleagues, doctors, and patients defusing all interpersonal conflicts in a flash. The nurse of the future must anticipate healthcare trends years away and train for them now. A nurse will marry and raise a family, coach childrens sports teams, care for aging parents, and finish graduate degrees while completing research. If that is not enough, they will be on the cutting edge in telemedicine and consulting on several committees and boards.The nursing profession and America must be sensitive to the needs of providing career development to students and adults, formulating well-defined perceptions about professional nursing in the twenty-first century. In the study conducted by Rasmussen (2001), he mentioned that high school students of today want some adventure in their lives and some travel in their careers as cited by Diane Mancino, Ed.D. RN, executive director of the National Student Nurses Association (NSNA). The NSNA has recently produced a youth recruitment video, Nursing The Ultimate Adventure, targeting youth at the high school level in promoting modern images of nursing.The video creates a sense of excitement about the field and discusses the emotional effect a nurse can have on patients. It shows interviews with students who want to go into nursing, and new images of career opportunities in nursing such as, research, the pharmaceutical industry, technology, and law, and the ability to make autonomous decisions on a moment-to moment basis in healthcare delivery.Byars (2000) says that exploring careers is essential for youth to understand the world of work, but it must also include career education that will inform youth of challenges of adult life. Reaching ones career goals does not guarantee happiness, success, and personal fulfillment.Synthesis of the Review of Related LiteratureAs times goes on, Nursing as a profession must need to recognized as one of the important professions aligned with scientific discipline that always make valuable contributions to the society. In early times, nurses were already known as individuals who gave care to the sick and they were the assistants of physicians in treating those ill and sick persons.Today, in these modern times, nurses work in institutions and in private practice as clinical specialists where they see patients over an extended time period and across many settings and accountability in advanced nursing practice is developing. Theses advancements offered nurses to have authority and complementary roles as members in the health team with physicians. Indeed, nursing is a profession that our society needs. This is because each of us should have knowledge about diseases so that we will be able to manage if certain diseases will attack our health and then because our healthcare system is suffering from economic and financial constraints.Expert says that one factor that influences perception on nursing profession is the gender criterion. Many people see nursing as a profession only for female. They are only few males who take up nursing than females. Another is, people see nursing as very task oriented profession. There should be that appropriate career image of nursing so that people will be manoeuvre to what is nursing really about. Also, understanding why students choose or reject nursing as their career is relevant in designing an recruiting program for students in particular for those nursing schools.There must be an instillitation to the students minds about basic and appropriate information regarding the nursing profession so that they will be guided suitably in perceiving nursing as a profession and in choosing nursing as their career. A study showed that students chose nursing because they have the desire to nurture, to meet their emotional needs, because of employment opportunities, financial opportunities, and because they have an interest to science and diseases. Some says they chose nursing as their career because they have the willingness to help people and the desire to work with all kinds of people.Chapter IIIMETHODOLOGYThis chapter presents the methodology, the setting, the respondents involved,the instruments used which will be validated to establish reliabili ty of the questionnaires, and summary of the data obtained to be interpreted.Research DesignGenerally, the study is a descriptive study descriptive research designs that provided researchers with information about the perception of quarter Year high school students on the nursing profession. This will further describe their views. Their career choice and the reasons for the course preferences and preference for nursing.Research InstrumentsA questionnaire-type instrument was chosen, the researchers aim to have accurate results on the career choice of Fourth Year high School students, their perception on nursing profession, and their reasons for their course preference. The instrument was subjected to evaluation and validation by panel of experts. It was subjected to a pre-test to evaluate its appropriateness to the study. To test validity, the method Content Validity. The questionnaire was criticized and evaluated by a group of experts to validate reliability and accuracy of questi onnaire.Target Population and Sampling ProceduresThe target population of the study was the Fourth Year high school students. This fourth year high school students were taken from Notre Dame of Marbel University IBED, Notre Dame Sienna School of Marbel, and Koronadal National Comprehensive High School located in Koronadal City, South Cotabato. It is limited to the Fourth Year high school students enrolled for School Year (S.Y) 2013 2014) and belonged to the first section of the three (3) schools mentioned in a higher place located in Koronadal City, South Cotabato. The first section was chosen because of the following characteristics Nursing grade standards.Thus, convenience sampling was adopted as the sampling method of the study.Setting of the StudyThe study was conducted in three different High Schools of Koronadal City, South Cotabato. The researchers entered the firsts sections of each school and conducted the study.Chapter IVFINDINGSThis chapter includes the presentation an alysis and the interpretation of the data gathered about the perception of fourth year high school students presents the interpretation of the data gathered about The Perception on the Nursing Profession and Career Choice of High School Students.Table 1.1 shows the sex distribution of the respondents of the study. Out of one cytosine twenty eight (128) total respondents of the study, eighty eight (88) were females and forty (40) were males.Table 1.2 shows the sex distribution of the respondents that chose nursing as their career. Out of seven (7) who chose nursing, all are females.Table 1.3 shows the familys monthy income of the respondents of the study. Among the given projected periodic family income, above fifty cubic yard one pesos (50,001php) is the highest periodic family income and below ten cardinal (10,000) being the lowest.Out of one hundred twenty eight (128) total respondents of the study, fourteen (14) respondents have a family income of below ten thousand pesos (1 0,000php) per month, thirty-four (34) respondents have ten thousand one to twenty thousand pesos (10,001 P20,000php) per month, twenty-four (24) have twenty thousand one pesos to thirty thousand (20,001 30,000php), ten (10) have thirty thousand one pesos to forty thousand pesos (30,001 40,000) monthly family income, fourteen (14) have forty thousand one pesos to fifty thousand pesos (40,001 50,000php) monthly family income, thirty-two (32) have a family income ofabove fifty thousand one pesos (50,001php).Table 1.4 shows the family monthly income of the respondents that chose nursing as their career. Out of seven (7) students that chose nursing, the distribution are as follows Below ten thousand pesos (10,000php) (0) ten thousand one pesos to twenty thousand pesos (10,001 20,000) (2) twenty thousand one to thirty thousand pesos (20,001 30,000php) (2) thirty thousand one pesos to forty thousand (30,001 40,000php) (0) forty thousand one pesos to fifty thousand pesos (40,001 50, 000php) (1) above fifty thousand one pesos (50,001php) (2).Communication, Public Relations and Communications, Journalism, Political Science, Legal Management, Philosophy, Specialization in Software Technology, Specialization in Network Engineering, schooling and Communication Technology Management, Specialization in Instructional Systems Technology, Management Information Systems, Home Economics, Nutrition and Dietetics, Library Science, Child Development and Education, Music, Special Education, Advertising, Arts Management, creative Writing, Industrial Design, Fashion Design and Merchandising, Music/Music Production got none.Table 3.1. Shows the reasons behind students preference for nursing as their career. Among the seven (7) students who chose nursing, four (4) said that they preferred nursing because of their desire to nurture, interest in science and disease, and their previous contact with healthcare system (relatives, peers, etc.). Three (3) out of seven also said that th ey chose nursing to meet their emotional needs, and because of their desire to work with all kinds of people. And one (1) said that she chose nursing because of employments/financial opportunities.Table 3.2. Shows the reason of Fourth Year high school students for their preference for other courses. Out of one hundred twenty-one students who chose other courses, eighty-eight said that they chose their desired course because of their own personal interest cardinal (29) said that it was because their course of choice is aligned with their proficiency twenty-six (26) said that its for certainty of employment twenty-four (24) said that it is their parents/benefactors choice brothers choice, high salary, and family background got one (1) each.Table 4. Shows the perception of Fourth Year high School students to the nursing profession provided by the said respondents. Among the one hundred twenty-eight respondents, the perception of Fourth year high school students are as follow nursing m eans providing care (27) nursing is a hard/difficult profession (24) nursing provides less job opportunities (17) nurses are overpopulated (11) nursing as a preparatory course for medicine (10) nursing means helping others(6) nurses save lives (4) nursing is not aligned to their interest (3) nursing deals with the health of people (2) nursing is an important aspect of the society (2) a nurse is soulfulness who would specialize in different medical aspect (2) nursing is an important and a risky job (1), nursing is a way abroad (1) spirited job(1) tiresome job (1) very common job (1) boring job (1) nursing profession is enjoyable (1) nursing is a profession to be imperial of (1) nursing tackles sciences and diseases information (1) no idea (1).Chapter VSUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONSSummaryThe researchers found out that the most students perceive nursing as providing care, and that majority of fourth year high school students prefer to take other courses than nursing because of their personal interest, certainty of employment, alignment with their proficiency, and the choice of their parents/benefactors.The main objective of this study is to find out the perception of fourth year high school students studying in Koronadal on the nursing profession and their career choice. Specifically, the study answered questions about what fourth year high school students prefer to take as a course on college and the different reasons for the preference for such courses, and the reasons for the preference to take nursing.The study used the Descriptive Survey Method and the main tool used was the research-made or self-made type of examination (questionnaire), including the record sheet as instrumentally utilized for the 128 students as selected respondents in the fourth year.Majority of students, 26 students or 20.30% prefer Accounting over other courses followed by Medical Technology (14 students/10.9375%). The reasonsfor choosing these courses are the ir personal interest, certainty of employment, alignment with their proficiency, and the choice of their parents/benefactors. Seven (7) or 5.46875% students prefer nursing over other course, the top three (3) reasons for this are their desire to nurture, interest in science and diseases, and their previous contact with healthcare system.The researchers found out that majority of students (27 students) perceive nursing profession as providing care followed by nursing is hard/difficult profession (24 students) and nurses are over populated (11 students).ConclusionBased on the results, the researchers concluded the followingTherefore, the respondents that choose nursing as their career were all females. Therefore, the respondents that choose nursing as their career mostly have fifty thousands (50,000 Php) and above family income. Therefore, the top reasons why students choose to take up nursing were their desire to nurture, they have an interest in sciences and disease, and they had pr evious contact with health care system. Therefore, the top reason of students for choosing other courses instead of nursing were their personal interest lies to their chosen course. And therefore, the respondents perceive nursing profession mostly as a profession that provides care.RecommendationBased from the result of the study, the researchers recommended the followingFor nursing schools, that they will offer more high quality curriculum to attract more nursing enrollees and to have more proper dissemination of information about what the nursing profession truly is. For the Commission in Higher Education of the Philippines, that they will continuously monitor nursing schools in the country in delivering high quality nursing curriculum to produce skillful, knowledgeable and with good attitude professional nurses.For the parents, that they should always become a good support system for their sons and daughters in choosing their career in life. For students, in choosing a career, th ey must first assess their capacities, skills, personalities and abilities if it is really suited on the career they will choose. And for the future researchers, that they will conduct more studies with wider setting regarding the perception on nursing profession and career choice of high school students to obtain a more accurate and up-to-date results and interpretation.Recom further studies why no male choose nursingRecom career choice in-demand courses (reasons)

Nutrition Worksheet Essay

1. What is the name of the recipe you ar evaluating?Grilled Chicken summit2. Which essential nutrientscarbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and mineralsare included in the recipe?Each nutrients are include in the recipe. Carbohydrates are 1.41 grams which provide a 0% insouciant value. integral fat is 1.46 grams and brings 2% daily value. Vitamins that are included are A, and C which A is 26.95 with 1% daily value and C 5.43 mg and has a daily value of 9%. Calcium is 16.66 mg and has a daily value of 2% and Iron .92 mg and has a value of 5%. All are very important in collecting your daily intake of nutrients.3. Which ingredients are providing each nutrient?The protein is coming from the chicken which also brings some fat. The garlic and the brininess combined equal the amount of sodium in the repast. The lemon would bring the vitamin C and Iron. The chicken is high in cholesterol which in some diets is non very good depending on the persons health.4. Does this recipe include a good balance of essential nutrients? Explain your answer.I would answer yes just because chicken is a very healthy thing to sap. Chicken has a lot of protein. The body needs protein to second your muscles stay strong. In my opinion when looking to lose heaviness or turn fat to muscle chicken breast is an excellent choose.5. How could the recipe be altered to include more essential nutrients? How the recipe could be altered would be to boil the chicken and not to grill it. Another thing would to just use black pepper for judgement and cut come forward the garlic and the lemon. If you were to use salt I would pick up some NO SALT SALT. The is no sodium in that salt. The less things to make it taste enjoyable the better.6. Do you consider this a healthy meal? If not, what is a healthy alternative? I do consider this a healthy meal. The author so is that I have ate this my entire support. Chicken is a huge key to loosing weight for me and for others I know. Chicken provides a great potion of proteins that help you lose weight and gain muscle.Part 2 Nutrition QuestionsRespond to the following questions in 75 to 125 words each1. Do you encounter it easy or difficult to determine the nutritional value of food? What are some methods to help you more easily determine the nutritional value of food?I do find it hard to read a food label. The food label is so tricky and can be treat in times. It also depends on what kind of diet your on as well. I think by understanding the values helps to understand how to watch what you eat. A method that I use on choosing what I eat have helped me lose weight. If it was living at one point in its life it is great for your body. If the food has been processed to make it taste better chances are that it holds no key nutritional values.2. What environmental, economic, and psychosocial factors influenced your food and drink choices today?I attended an NFL game today so lets just say I did not eat healthy. The environment I was in did cause me to not eat or drink as much because of the high prices. When around so much great smelling food and the tradition to have a couple beers and watch your favorite team win I will take my chances. When returning home I did have a nice meal o make up for my bad choices. I have come to believe that influence does play a key role in what you eat or drink on a daily basis. It just comes down to you to determine what choice you will make.

Coming of Age Essay

Around the world in that location are many themes that we find over and over in many cultures and from many periods in time. unitary of the reoccurring themes that everyone goes through in the lifetime is the theme of flood tide of age. This occurs when a early person goes through the transition from childhood to adulthood and has life experiences that matures a person. We all have experienced a coming of age story by reading them in books, seeing them on TV or in movies, or maybe even personal experiences based on ones culture.Its clear that coming of age is a crucial element of our self-representations and conceptions. Generally, all of living is a process of coming of age as seen in the novel, Catcher in the Rye. Holden Caulfield, who is sixteen-year-old boy with the mind of a ten year old. He thinks of innocence as important in the beginning of the novel. But later on in the book, Holden slowly grows to be an adult. For example, when Holden gets soaking wet by rain when he i s observation his little sister ride the carousal he felt so damn happy all of a sudden(213).This symbolizes Holden entering adulthood because he realizes the happiness in life. He realizes that he is too big for the carousel and is happy that his sister is happy. Holdens childish personality continued to wash absent as he reached a stage of maturity. Over the course of the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout is taken from a position of innocence, in which she look ats that she is safe and that there arent many bad people in the world, to the position where she has witnessed some of the bad things that have happened but realizes that she is not entirely safe.That is tested at the prohibit of the novel when Scout was attacked while walking home with her brother Jem. Similarities were show in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Hucks maturity begins to grow as he first starts to show emotions toward a runaway slave, and by the end of the novel, has grown up to the point where, when Jim, is captured, Huck decides to give up playing games after Tom is shot to ensure that he would get medical attention that he needed.In an episode of Malcolm in the Middle it revolved around Malcolm trying to help his classmate Dabney get into a paintball match despite the resistance of Dabneys overbearing mom. Once Dabney unleashes years of repressed aggression, his mom comes around to try to drag him off. Dabney reacts back by saying Im no longer your little boy anymore. Im your little man showing that Dabney has matured and stands up and says what he believes. In the movie Edward Scissorhands, Edward is taken in by a family who he depends on.The family teach him how to think for himself so that one day he can gain the license that is necessary for him to go out on his own. Edward living off of the familys support and trying things for himself is a coming of age process in itself. When he starts acting out and making his own decisions he is transitioning into an independent mindset that eventually allowed him to make the choice of living alone and fend for himself. Roman Catholics believe that Confirmation .. completes the process of initiation into the community and it matures the soul for the work ahead..During confirmation deity the Holy Spirit comes upon the person, accompanied by God the Father and God the Son, just as he did at Pentecost. (Acts 214) Those who have been confirmed are called Soldiers of God. This refers to their spiritual duty to fight evil, darkness, and Satan. In Nigeria, young girls known as Iriabo spend several weeks in fattening rooms being pampered and wearing copper coils around their legs to restrict movement as situation of a ritual marking their official transition into womanhood.In Senegal, Bassari boys undergoing the Kore rite and are taken into a sacred forest where they experience a emblematic death and a return to infancy, a state of ritual purity from where they are reborn as mature members of the community. (Hipp le) Ultimately, the coming of age experience is a very much so significant time in ones life. People have to continue to find themselves and explore who they are even after the coming of age experience. It has lasting effects on a person as it has an impact on our dreams and desires that we want to fit into our world.